What happens to mass and energy near the speed of light?

The answer to that question is interesting. Mass is energy. And energy is mass. When the energy level rises, the mass of the object also rises. Or the object pulls more energy in it. When a higher-energy particle touches a lower-energy particle or object. It delivers that energy. When a particle moves through space. 

If you make a bullet with a 1D atom lattice in the middle of it. That atom lattice forms a phonon. The effect is where all atoms in a lattice deliver their energy synchronously as acoustic waves. That increases its power because it delivers impact energy faster. 

It transfers energy inside it. Then it delivers that energy to the object where it hits. So we can think case where the pure silicone crystal hits an object. 

The bullet stores energy in it. And we can think that it moves its atom's electrons backward. Then the object hits the target. Those electrons travel ahead synchronously. In that process, those electrons deliver their energy. That thing is possible only in 1D atomic lattices. So the bullet must made using the 2D silicone structures to make that thing like this possible. 

The speed of light is the cosmic speed limit. That speed is one of the great paradoxes in the universe. The speed of light is a cosmic constant. But it's not the same everywhere. The speed of light in a medium is lower than the speed of light in a vacuum. 

Cosmic nebulas and other things also decrease the speed of light. So, that's why we should say that a photon's speed is always the top, but another photon can travel faster than another. When a photon arrives at the medium. 

"Animation showing 6 normal modes of a one-dimensional lattice: a linear chain of particles. The shortest wavelength is at top, with progressively longer wavelengths below. In the lowest lines the motion of the waves to the right can be seen." (Wikipedia, Phonon)

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The hypothetical graviton can be photon-hole. Or a photonic version of an electron hole. When a photon goes into the high energy field it gets more energy than it delivers. That can cause a situation. In which a photon jumps out from the 3D universe. In that case, the photon leaves a hole behind it. So the reaction is similar to when an electron jumps out from its orbital. 

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It must deliver its energy to the nebula. But then we must realize that photons and all moving particles carry kinetic energy. That energy forms when quantum fields go in the particle that travels in quantum fields. So when the particle's speed increases. It just transports quantum fields inside it. 

The particle must create an energy field whose energy level is higher than the energy level in the particle. 

Because energy always travels to the lower energy field. The energy is field interaction. Which means energy is wave movement between two fields. 

The fields must be similar. And we can see energy. Only when it moves. The electromagnetic field cannot fill the gravity field for example. 

A gravity field can transform an electromagnetic wave's trajectory. But, it cannot merge with the EM field. 

The EM field can merge with other EM fields. That means energy from higher energy fields travels to lower energy fields. The speed of energy transfer depends on the difference between fields' energy levels. 

But then what happens near the speed of light? The energy jumps out from the particle and denies its acceleration. But what happens? When a particle travels in the Universe it prowls through quantum fields. Those fields form the shockwave ahead of the particle. The shockwave has many layers. The inner shockwave to the particle has a lower energy level than the field ahead of that shockwave. The energy of the higher energy part turns higher than the environment. 

And that pushes energy out of the shockwave. That causes energy loss. So, finally, energy starts to travel from the particle to the shockwave. And that denies the acceleration. The problem is that near the speed of light energy goes to a shockwave. And it cannot reach the particle. 

So the blue light flashes that things like neutrino detectors detect are the part of the shockwave that travels to the lower energy fields. When the neutrino impacts water in the sensor or when it arrives in the atmosphere. Quantum fields around atoms pull that shockwave to them very fast. 

The photon is the only known particle that can reach the speed of light in the so-called straight universe. Photon is like a donut. And that explains. The thing for why it can always travel with the speed of light. The shape makes it possible that when a photon travels in a quantum field the field travels in its internal structure. 

Then it travels through the photon's ring-shaped structure. That thing means that the photon gets as much energy as it delivers. This is one of the things that causes interesting models. If there is some energy source that brings more energy in the photon than it delivers it can explain the hypothetical graviton. 

The case where a photon simply jumps out from the Universe. When its energy level turns too high causes a similar pothole with an electron when it jumps out from its orbital. In some models, the graviton is the photon hole or photonic version of the electron hole. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/mass-energy-increase-near-speed-of-light/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon