Why is the sky black?

"Space remains dark despite numerous stars due to Olbers’ paradox, involving great distances, a young universe, and the Doppler effect, which shifts distant starlight to invisible wavelengths."(ScitechDaily, Stars Are Everywhere, So Why Is the Sky Still Dark?

We see that stars are everywhere. But the sky is black. Why is that thing so? Sometimes is introduced that light has no time to travel all around and fill the universe. There is one part true in that answer. The expansion of the universe has something to do with that phenomenon. When the universe expands the wavelength of the wave movement, or radiation, turns out from the visible areas. When the distance of the particles grows. Wave movement echo or reflection from the particle turns longer. 

That is called redshift or Doppler shift. So when the distance between particles grows the redshift turns the reflecting waves to the red side of the electromagnetic spectrum. If the wave movement's wavelength is near the infrared area that wave movement slips to that area. Same way if the particle comes towards another particle the reflecting wavelength from the particle turns shorter. That thing is called blueshift. 

If the speed of the particle that comes to the observer is high enough, it can press all those waves to the ultraviolet areas. That Doppler effect means that fast-moving particles can turn the electromagnetic radiation into another form. And theoretically, the Doppler effect can turn the gamma rays into visible light. The fast-moving particles can also turn visible light into gamma- or X-rays. 

Most of the radiation is invisible to us. 

The thing is that the dark energy that is the dominating force in the universe can theoretically turn into the "visible energy" if something affects its wavelength. But there is no idea if should researchers press or pull that energy. The dark energy is wave movement. But its wavelength or source is unknown. Sometimes researchers introduce that dark energy is like string that kinks over some other wave field. 

That means dark energy could be like a tornado that surrounds regular or visible energy strings. In some other models, the dark energy source is in the cutting superstrings. Or maybe. It's in the wormholes or black holes that vaporize. When the wormholes cut they release energy that is stored in them. But that theory requires the existence of wormholes. 

"The universe is expanding, and that expansion stretches light traveling through space in a phenomenon known as cosmological redshift. The greater the redshift, the greater the distance the light has traveled. As a result, telescopes with infrared detectors are needed to see light from the first, most distant galaxies. Credit: NASA, ESA, AND L. Hustak (STSci)" (ScitechDaily, Stars Are Everywhere, So Why Is the Sky Still Dark?

We know that dark energy affects the material. But we don't know where it actually affects. The dark energy can have an effect on the material itself or some field around it. If we think that dark energy is like wind and quantum fields including gravity fields are like soap bubbles around the objects, the dark energy can blow that bubble. 

When there is asymmetry in that bubble there forms that low pressure in that bubble. That causes an effect where the particle moves into the lower pressure area in that bubble. That could be one reason why we cannot see dark energy. But when we think about things like wormholes the channels through the Higgs field. It's possible. That the so-called white holes are the reason for the dark energy. 

The white hole is not a white version of a black hole. It's the point where energy comes out from the wormhole. That means energy or wave movement that comes out from a wormhole makes it impossible to go into a wormhole from that point. The wormhole's entrance is the black hole hole. The white hole is the term that means the anti-black hole. 

When energy comes out of the wormhole it pushes a wave field around it. If a wormhole exists the light travels inside it faster than outside the wormhole. When wave movement comes out from a wormhole it releases its energy to fields around it. That means the wormhole can cause an effect that the wavelength of that wave movement turns so short that we cannot detect it. 

One of the explanations for dark energy can be the Hawking radiation. Nobody has seen that radiation yet. But it's possible that Hawking radiation wavelength is so short, that the Hawking radiation waves seem straight. And that makes them hard to see. 

When we think about the wave movement we always think that we see the wave movement itself. The fact is that we see the changes in the fields of wave movement. So if the wavelength of wave movement or radiation is short enough that thing seems straight. And it's hard to see straight waves. That is one way to understand the wave movement. 

Same way when a particle's energy level rises. It starts to send energy waves more and more often. The size of the particle turns smaller. Then sooner or later the particle starts to send radiation impulses so often that we cannot see it. If we move that model to the macro-environment, that means the black holes can also send radiation. 

The radiation called Hawking radiation could have so short wavelength that the observers cannot see that radiation because its waves seem straight. So it's possible. That the strange dark energy can at least partially be the same as Hawking radiation. But that is only a hypothesis. 

https://scitechdaily.com/stars-are-everywhere-so-why-is-the-sky-still-dark/

Cosmic web and dark interaction.

"An extracted still from Simulation of the Cosmic Web’s magnetic field video. The blue and green colors give the (growing) strength of magnetic fields in the simulation, while the red color marks the gas temperature. Credit: Vazza F; ENZO; Piz-Daint CSCS (Lugano)" (ScitechDaily, Unveiling the Universe’s Hidden Glow: Magnetic Shockwaves Illuminate the Cosmic Web)

The magnetic shockwaves that illuminate the cosmic web don't form without reason. In that phenomenon, something pumps energy into the magnetic objects like neutron stars or magnetic fields.  That releases a very strong magnetic pulse to the cosmic web. An interesting question is: where does that energy come from? 

The cosmic web is the largest known structure in the universe. That web connects galaxies with each other. In some models, plasma flows are between stars and even between galaxies. The cosmic web is the material that accumulates around something. That something can be the chain of dark matter particles. 

Called weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs. The WIMP is a mysterious thing in the universe. Sometimes researchers think that WIMP is some kind of quasiparticle or maybe a miniature black hole. Or maybe WIMP is a virtual particle, the energy shadow that forms on the opposite side of the particle. The energy or quantum shadow makes a situation where the energy tries to fill that shadow. 

And that means the WIMP could be some kind of energy field that acts like a particle. One of the explanations can be the standing gravitational waves. The only known thing is that. There is some kind of gravitational effect that the source is unknown. In those models, dark energy can be the energy that primordial or quantum-size black holes can send while they vaporize. 

"A composite image showing the magnetic fields of the cosmic web, featuring a pull out of how radio data was stacked. Credit: Vernstrom et al. 2023"(ScitechDaily, Unveiling the Universe’s Hidden Glow: Magnetic Shockwaves Illuminate the Cosmic Web)

The accelerating expansion of the universe can have two reasons. 

1) The gravity turns weaker. 

2) Some kinds of small high-energy objects like primordial black holes can release energy stored in them. 

The model means that when quantum fields around particles turn weaker and material in the universe turns less dense that means the vaporization in things like black holes accelerates. That means. It's possible. That dark energy and Hawking radiation could be the same thing. 

But then we can look at the newest observations about dark matter and try to complete its models we can see that dark matter can form similar structures as visible material. So, dark matter can form things like black holes. Dark matter interacts with black holes through gravitation. 

When we try to explain things like the cosmic web we can see that there is some kind of gravitational effect that forms the web. There is something that forms that web. Nothing happens by itself in the universe. There is energy that makes things happen. While energy moves that cause actions. Every action requires energy. And standing energy doesn't do anything. Energy must move so that it can make something. 

"‘Stacking’ many images together can make the signal of interest brighter than the background noise. Credit: Tessa Vernstrom, Author provided" (ScitechDaily, Unveiling the Universe’s Hidden Glow: Magnetic Shockwaves Illuminate the Cosmic Web)

Things like power loss are the reason for the nature of wave movement. When an object sends energy to another object the energy sector expands. So a long-distance major part of the energy doesn't hit the object. Anyway, the ball-shaped particle sends wave movement into a ball-shaped form, and only a small part of the energy will impact the receiving particle. 

When we think about things like spin spinning particles like neutrons can collect wave movement into the middle of itself. Then it can turn that radiation into an energy beam. The idea is that. Extremely fast spinning particles can collect energy into it. And then that thing forms the energy pike that travels out from its axle. 

"Stacking cluster pairs: the two dark spots aligned vertically are the clusters and show depolarization due to turbulence, while the outer areas and the area between the clusters are highly polarized. Credit: Tessa Vernstrom using Planck data, Author provided" (ScitechDaily, Unveiling the Universe’s Hidden Glow: Magnetic Shockwaves Illuminate the Cosmic Web)

The black holes and material do not form energy. They store energy in a new form. And when those objects energy levels turn high enough, the energy flow turns away from those objects. Sometimes gravity is explained using vaporizing ice as the model. When we put ice on the hot layer the ice starts to send vapor. During that process, the ice bounds energy and transfers it into vapor. And that decreases the temperature of the layer. 

The energy travels to that point from other places. And if that thing happens in the universe that energy is the quantum field that transports particles into that point. So in the universe layer is the Higgs field and the heat is the effect that pulls energy out from that field. 

Above: The Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB (Wikipedia, Cosmic microwave background). Does the dark energy background look like this? 

The dark matter is the mystery. There is a possibility that dark energy forms when WIMPs send wave movement. But today researchers know that dark matter and dark energy might not have cosmological constant. That means. The dark energy can form similar structures. As the cosmic microwave background. And we know that there are galaxies without dark matter. 

That means. Dark matter can create similar forms as visible matter. So there can be giant dark matter clouds in the universe. The stable environment can cause a situation where the energy strings can travel past the energy potholes like exciton. In that case, the energy string closes other energy impulses away. And that denies the weak outside field filling the pothole. 

So when we think about things like Einstein's Theory of Relativity and the MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) we face one interesting question: can both of those models be right? Researchers tried to find the mistakes from Einstein's models and Einstein was right again. 

Sometimes difference between two models forms from the direction where we close that model. If we remember things like Newtonian gravitational models we can see that. They are suitable tools for certain scales. The scale and needed accuracy determine what theory, model, and formula we use. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-cosmic-history-desis-new-map-challenges-traditional-dark-energy-views/

https://scitechdaily.com/unveiling-the-universes-hidden-glow-magnetic-shockwaves-illuminate-the-cosmic-web/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

The black holes can turn other energy forms into gravity waves.

The black hole interacts with its environment. It transforms other energy forms into gravity waves. But could that thing form dark energy? Black holes include extremely dense material. And very high-power gravity field. When we think that a black hole transforms energy that falls into it into kinetic energy. We must realize that material doesn't form energy. From nothing. It just transforms energy into another form. 

The term kinetic energy means a situation where the particle that travels in the energy field binds energy into itself The thing that makes that possible is that there is an electromagnetic channel behind the particle that pulls energy against it. 

The particle ties part of that energy into itself. When the speed of a particle slows it releases its energy as an energy wave. But before a particle can release an energy wave its energy level must rise higher than its environment. The wavelength. That wave movement has. Is the same as the size of the particles that send those waves.

Hawking radiation is almost proven theoretical radiation that black holes can transmit. But could Hawking radiation and dark energy be the same thing? The dark energy is wave movement and somewhere must be a structure that transmits that thing. One of the suspects is black holes that can turn all energy into gravitational waves. 

In some models the extremely intensive gravitation forms when fast spinning, very massive object binds energy into itself. That kinetic energy forms when that movement binds energy from around. It into itself. The black hole doesn't create energy from emptiness. It transforms other energy forms or wave movements into gravitational forms. If a black hole sends energy out from its poles it interacts just like this model. The idea is that Hawking radiation is one of the things that create black hole's relativistic jets. 

If the fast spin collects energy from around it that thing means that when a black hole spins and it binds energy from around it the outcoming energy falls into that object and pushes material and particles into it. That could mean that a black hole transforms other types of energy into dark energy. 

Can black holes be the source of dark energy? Some people believe that thing. The dark energy is wave movement that source is unknown. In some models, black holes or gravitational strings in black holes are the source of dark energy. The idea is that the gravitational waves can freeze above the event horizon. And that extremely fast-spinning object interacts with electromagnetic-. And other fields like Higgs field or base energy field in the universe. Those structures near the event horizon push that field away from the black hole. 

That structure sends waves through the universe. That thing can be one of the possible sources of the universe. When we think about the structure and especially interactions about black holes, we must realize that black holes are much more complicated than people expect. The massive gravity field pulls material and energy. Or wave movement into a black hole. The black hole is also the only thing that can pull so-called dark matter into it. That means. Two things can interact with still hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs. 

Those things are gravity fields and another is the hypothetical WIMP particle.  But then we must realize another thing. The black hole spins very fast. And that spin requires energy. So can the black hole pull all energy from its environment because it spins so fast? That means the black hole pulls electromagnetic fields and particles in it, and then some part of the energy turns into kinetic energy. But how much of that energy that goes into a black hole turns into kinetic energy? 

The black hole acts like a vacuum or an extremely low-energy object. It pulls energy fields inside it. That thing causes an idea that could the spin of that thing use so much energy that nothing cannot get out of it. That causes the idea that it's possible. The WIMP is also a very fast rotating or spinning particle. That spin also pulls energy. And then that object must transfer that energy somewhere. 

The spin of a black hole could act as a connector or tensor that transforms electromagnetic energy into gravity waves and some other energy form called dark energy. The problem with the vacuum model is this: the black holes must grow endlessly if we compare them with a vacuum. The black holes must put their energy into somewhere. And that "somewhere" is material or it must send that energy somewhere. 

https://www.astronomy.com/science/could-black-holes-create-dark-energy/

https://www.space.com/black-holes-general-relativity-gravity