"Columbia engineers have created a powerful 3D photonic-electronic chip that could overcome one of AI’s biggest hardware challenges: energy-hungry data transfer."(ScitechDaily, Game-Changing 3D Chip Uses Light to Supercharge AI)
The photonic computer would be a fundamental tool. It uses less energy, has a lower temperature, and requires fewer rare and expensive minerals than an electric computer. Theoretically, photonic computers can use silicone-photovoltaic cells, where laser light shoots electrons to move.
The photonic computer uses light in the same way. As electric computers use electricity. We can think of the electric computer or electric microchip as a voltage meter. When the electric level in the voltage meter goes below a certain point (that can be 4, for example) the system sees that value as zero. And when the voltage meter rises over 4 the system sees that value over 4 as one.
In a photonic computer. The voltage meter is replaced. Using a photometer. Theoretically, we can transform solar panels into optical data receivers. The laser beam that illuminates those solar panels can adjust their energy production. The silicone-based photovoltaic cells can be installed on microchips. The laser can transmit data to microchips through those photovoltaic cells that transform light beams into electric signals.
In modern AI-based systems.
A Certain wavelength like red can mean zero. And the blue laser ray can mean one.
Or the system can adjust the laser light brightness. The problem is how the system detects that the electricity is cut. The system requires three values in the measurement tool. When light, or electricity level turns below that border value the system translates that it's cut off.
The thing that makes those systems more effective is the light levels. Let's say, between 2-4 can mean zero. And above the 4 means one. If the system's energy level goes below 2. The system translates it that electricity is cut.
But that is only one version of the photonic computer.
There are three types of photonic computers.
1) The computer whose main data cables are replaced by optical cables.
2) The wires between the microchips are replaced by an ooptical wire. The system uses electricity only in microchips.
3) The all-photonic system microchip's internal data flow travels in the photonic form. The system uses electricity only when the system inputs data into the photonic computer.
The last, and the most radical version of computing is the tool that is one of the most impressive systems. All-photonic microchips are less vulnerable to electromagnetic fields than electric systems. The system requires things like diodes, light transistors, and resistors.
The most difficult thing is to turn the resistor to operate in optical areas. The answer can be the holographic system that acts in an optical area in a similar way as a resistor acts in electric components.
https://scitechdaily.com/game-changing-3d-chip-uses-light-to-supercharge-ai/
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