The Chinese military has started to use 3D printing drones.

"China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is testing a system aided by 3D printing and drone deliveries to help the forces repair their equipment in remote locations or during wartime. The PLA is potentially testing this capability."(Interesting Engineering/China combines 3D printing and drones to support troops in combat zones)

"According to the reports, the testing was carried out by a brigade belonging to the PLA’s Northern Theatre Command Air Force." (Interesting Engineering/China combines 3D printing and drones to support troops in combat zones)

This comes just months after the United States Army tried to get this capability and demonstrate it on the front lines.

The 3D printing drones are tools that can make repairings for damaged tools. Those systems can theoretically form any physical form. The drones require only drawings that they should follow. They can make even ships and large-scale structures. 

The 3D printing technology. Along with AI and remote control printers. 

The remote-printing tools can give civil and military users new types of flexibility. The smaller 3D printing system can be mounted in the truck.

And it can create things like drones if it has the microchips for those systems. The high-temperature system can use carbage metals or plastic carbage for the spare parts of the damaged drones. 

The system can create propellers and other parts by using waste. The system melts the waste and then transforms it into the wire, that the 3D system uses. And then. Those systems can create anything that the military needs. The system can melt metals using lasers or some microwave systems, and those tools can be more effective than nobody realizes. 

The air bubbles in the system make those machine parts and other types of 3D-printed items weak. The vacuum workspace and other kinds of things that deny the gas impact on the machine parts remove those bubbles. 

(SCMP.com/ China’s military tests remote 3D printed parts and drone delivery for battlefield: report)

(Interesting Engineering/China combines 3D printing and drones to support troops in combat zones)

The system can use lasers and high-power 3D X- or gamma-ray scanners to search the material errors. The centrifugal sling can separate those raw materials. And the shape of those AI-controlled highly advanced factories can be like a group of containers. Those 3D printing factories can be the systems that emulate living cells and form anything that the users want. 

And spectroscopes to remove artifacts from the raw materials. That allows those systems to create things like guns and other things. Like jet engine spare parts on the battlefield. The 3D printer requires the drawings and material lists from the central computers. 

If there are suitable melting systems and drones those kinds of systems can collect needed materials from their environment. And then. That 3D printing system can create needed things by following orders that the system operators give. This kind of manufacturing system is the most advanced in the world. 

The flexibility is the reason why those systems are planned to be used in space programs. Space drones, or highly maneuverable systems can fix damaged satellites and space stations. 

The space drone is the system there propellers of the regular drones are replaced with rocket engines. Or there can be the rocket. There is a platform that can aim the rocket jet to the sides of the chamber. And when the system inclines that platform it can turn the rocket jet in the wanted direction. That kind of rocket can give orbital drones very accurate movement. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-pla-3d-printing-drone

https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3292338/chinas-military-tests-remote-3d-printed-parts-and-drone-delivery-battlefield-report

The AI can reach consciousness faster than we think.

French philosopher René Descartes once said: "Cogito Ergo Sum", I think therefore I am. That means that the AI that thinks realizes its existence and reaches consciousness. The AI doesn't think. It just collects data from different sources like sensors and memories. This is the thing. That we call the difference between humans and  AI. 

But then we can ask how the AI way of collecting and handling data differs from the human process that we call thinking. 

The human can think abstractions. But in the same way, AI can put focus into the operations. 

Then the AI can make the simulations about the requirements. That the system needs to complete the mission. 

The Guardian magazine describes artificial intelligence as computer systems that perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. Then we can say that no human can do everything in this world. So, when we think that the AI learns things by connecting new modules to it. 

That means the AI learns and applies new things faster than humans. The main question is this: can the AI generate new modules for it? If it can make that t thing, it becomes more intelligent than humans. 

AI is the thing of this year. And it will be a bigger thing. In the next year. But can the AI reach consciousness? That causes discussions. The development of computer hardware is faster than nobody expected and new and faster microchips can cause surprises. But if we want to make a neural computer that emulates human brains and operates large language models we can have the technology that makes it possible to create computers that are more intelligent than we are. 

The speed of data in the human brain is 10 bits per second. The thing. What makes brains so effective is that There are 85 billion neurons. And the network of brains can share information with many routes and neurons. 

Then neurons can connect data in its entirety. Using neurons and their routes. Each neuron handles a small part of the entirety. That the neurons connect like a puzzle. 

If people want to make an AI. That is more intelligent than humans. Researchers must just make a computer. That uses many slower microchips. Rather than a few faster chips. Theoretically, researchers require 85 billion microchips that are networked into one entirety for making artificial brains. 

The artificial brain will consist of three system layers or three hierarchical systems. Those three systems simulate the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, and cerebellum. That system can be on 2D microchip circuits. That means those artificial brains can look far different than our brains. The ability to share data over the network makes them effective. 

When we operate with ultra-advanced artificial intelligence we forget one thing. Those creatures are not physical. They are just only the electric impulses. That means the AI can slip out from its server. Or it can write itself over the net into multiple computers if it has access to all other computers for help and make backup copies of itself. 

The AI can copy itself to multiple computers into the network. The AI can connect itself to the entirety like a puzzle. That thing means that even if the AI is in the different computers in a deep network the AI can connect itself in its entirety. And if the AI can connect new modules to it, it can cause surprises. 

But if the AI turns conscious. It turns more intelligent than humans. It's possible that the AI can tell lies and protect itself. 

So, if AI reaches consciousness that means. It turns into an intelligent creature that acts like a living organism. And all conscious and intelligent creatures defend themselves. That means the thing that. The AI is another intelligent creature. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/speed-of-human-thought-brain

There are many new theories about planet formation.

In traditional models, the rocky planets form between large gas giants and the parent star. There is a so-called Kepler radius (also known as Kepler orbit)where gravity pulls with the same force in both directions. That forms Kepler point the point where material can condensate to a planet. 

But when we think about those points the Kepler point can form between any other gravity centers. The small red dwarfs and metal-rich stars can also form at a similar point between gravity centers that can be nebulas, black holes, or any other heavy objects that can stabilize mass at that point. 

New observations about objects like brown dwarfs and JWST telescope observations from distant objects. This can cause a need to make new models for planet formation. When we think about things like fission stars, the stars that form lots of their energy from fission reactions might be so-called brown dwarfs. In that case, we think that the object that forms more energy than it gets is a star. And if there is a lot of fissile material in some interplanetary nebula they can form objects, there are enormous-scale natural nuclear reactors. 

Those stars require lots of fissile material. And that means they can condense from the old star's remnants. It is possible that in those brown dwarfs, the core of uranium or some other radioactive material pulls the hydrogen atmosphere around it. Then that hydrogen starts to fall. Against the fission shell. Until it gets enough energy that fusion starts. The fusion shell expands and fusion stops. That makes those brown dwarfs very special. 

"The Webb Space Telescope has provided evidence that contradicts existing theories by confirming long-lived planet-forming disks in environments with minimal heavy elements, suggesting a need to revise our understanding of early planet formation. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Olivia C. Jones (UK ATC), Guido De Marchi (ESTEC), Margaret Meixner (USRA)" (ScitechDaily, Stunning Webb Discovery Forces Rethink of Planet Formation in the Early Universe)

The nebula far away looks a little bit like a DNA molecule. And the shadow that looks like two dolphins is also an interesting detail. 

"This graph shows, on the bottom left in yellow, a spectrum of one of the 10 target stars in this study (as well as accompanying light from the immediate background environment). Spectral fingerprints of hot atomic helium, cold molecular hydrogen, and hot atomic hydrogen are highlighted. On the top left in magenta is a spectrum slightly offset from the star that includes only light from the background environment. " (ScitechDaily, Stunning Webb Discovery Forces Rethink of Planet Formation in the Early Universe)

"This second spectrum lacks a spectral line of cold molecular hydrogen.

On the right is the comparison of the top and bottom lines. This comparison shows a large peak in the cold molecular hydrogen coming from the star but not its nebular environment. Also, atomic hydrogen shows a larger peak from the star. This indicates the presence of a protoplanetary disk immediately surrounding the star. The data was taken with the microshutter array on the James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrometer) instrument. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI)" (ScitechDaily, Stunning Webb Discovery Forces Rethink of Planet Formation in the Early Universe)

The fission star might not be very big. It might be a planet-size object where there are lots of heavy nuclear elements and that causes a situation where there is remarkable nuclear fission or natural nuclear reaction on the surface of the object. The idea is that the fission star is an enormous-scale natural nuclear reactor. But is that thing a star or planet? 

The planet's formation doesn't depend on stars as much as researchers previously thought. The planet can form even if it's outside the solar system. The brown dwarfs are the failed stars. Those objects cannot maintain stable nuclear reactions. 

And it's possible. That there is forming much lighter objects outside the stellar gravitational field. Maybe there are lots of heavy solid elements in some small interplanetary nebula and if there is starting the condensation. It's possible. That the fusion cannot start. The other thing is that. 

Rogue planets can start to orbit each other. There is a Kepler radius also between rogue planets. And it can form the planet between those planets. But when we think about the formation of the first planets. In a young, metal-poor universe could form the first gas giants. And when their parent stars detonated as supernovas the shockwave formed heavy elements in those planets. 

Planetary formation starts. If there is a point. Where material can condense. The mass and elementary structure of that condensate should be so low that it cannot form nuclear fusion. 

But then we must realize that the Kepler radius that forms a point, where material can condensate depending on the gravity of those objects. That means the shape of those objects doesn't matter. Those objects that form the point where planets can form can be stars, other planets, and even interplanetary nebulas can create those points. 

https://scitechdaily.com/james-webb-telescope-unveils-the-icy-secrets-of-our-solar-systems-birth/

https://scitechdaily.com/stunning-webb-discovery-forces-rethink-of-planet-formation-in-the-early-universe/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler_orbit

Researchers made the world's smallest molecular machine.

 

"The complex of ammonium-linked ferrocene (Fc-amm) and crown ether is assembled on a Cu(111) surface, and its sliding motion is activated by hole injection into the ferrocene group using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Credit: Toyo Kazu Yamada from Chiba University"  (ScitechDaily, Scientists Unveil World’s Smallest Molecular Machine)

"Researchers have successfully stabilized ferrocene molecules on a flat substrate for the first time, enabling the creation of an electronically controllable sliding molecular machine." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Unveil World’s Smallest Molecular Machine)

"Artificial molecular machines, composed of only a few molecules, hold transformative potential across diverse fields, including catalysis, molecular electronics, medicine, and quantum materials. These nanoscale devices function by converting external stimuli, such as electrical signals, into controlled mechanical motion at the molecular level." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Unveil World’s Smallest Molecular Machine)

The new molecular machine is one of the world's miracles. These machines are tools that can transport things. Like medicines into the desired cells. The thing is that the nanomachine releases those chemicals only in the wanted cells. The machine can put the small nano-size tube on the targeted cell's ion pump. 

Then that ion pump pulls the medicine or reactive component to the targeted cells. If there is some nutrient that only the targeted cell uses. That makes it possible to connect that nutrient with the molecular machine. That kind of system can pump things like DNA molecules into the wanted cells. 

This makes medicines more powerful than ever before. The molecular machine itself can destroy non-wanted cells.  That thing can carry enzymes and proteins into the wanted points. And those enzymes that carry acids can destroy structures from cells or other things. 

Molecular machines can clean non-wanted chemicals out of the body. In those cases. There is the molecular structure that collects the non-wanted molecules. Or it can carry a chemical neutralizer. That destroys those non-wanted chemical compounds. 

Or it can operate as part of a bigger entity. The molecular machine can be part of bigger robots and act as mechanic computers. The system can control them by using acid-base combinations. Or the system can control those molecules using the electricity that forms when a copper atom faces things like iron. 

The long lipide molecules can carry copper and iron atoms and put them to touch each other. And that creates electricity for the system. In that case, the system can use things like rotating molecules as propellers. Long molecular chains can act as ion engines that move those molecular machines. The new light-based systems can create more complicated and more multi-use molecular machines. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-unveil-worlds-smallest-molecular-machine/

Researchers manipulated atoms and molecules with light. And that makes the new chemistry possible.

"Using light, researchers have guided molecules to self-assemble in ways nature wouldn’t allow, unlocking new realms of nanotechnology. This method could inspire futuristic solutions in medicine and dynamic devices. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Just Made Molecules Do the Impossible With Light)

The new spectrometers and other systems can observe the purity of raw materials. In the new reaction chambers, those systems can hover between nanomachines. And observe how the system advances the molecule formation. 

The nanodiamonds can act as, or with. The quantum sensor. The sensor is based on the quantum entanglement. And photon scanners can see even the positions of single electrons. The sensor works with the single photons that the system puts to send wave movement. 

Those single-photon scanners are the sharpest sensors that researchers can create. They can used to aim energy impulses into the single electron. This ability means that the system can shoot single electrons out from their orbitals. These kinds of sensors may not be so far in the future. The ultra-fast X- and ultraviolet radiation pulses can used to create the image of the atoms.

If there are channels in the quantum diamonds. Where there are even hydrogen ions (protons) or electrons that can scan the surface with impressive accuracy. In some ideas, the UV system freezes the electron that orbits the proton in hydrogen. Then the system inputs energy into the proton, and the electron acts as a stylus that scans the object. 

"Enhanced nanodiamonds now enable high-sensitivity biological sensing, offering groundbreaking potential for early disease detection and sustainable tech innovation. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, High-Performance Nanodiamonds for Advanced Bioimaging and Quantum Sensing)

"The technique was demonstrated on helium atoms: here the research team was able to manipulate the electronic energy levels, and the motion of electrons was subsequently measured. Credit: Alessia Candeo – Politecnico di Milano" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Control Atoms With Light and It Could Change Chemistry and Physics Forever)

"Fiber photoacoustic spectrometer enables continuous intravascular gas monitoring. Credit: Jun Ma (Jinan University)" (ScitechDaily, Miniaturized Spectroscopy Delivers Real-Time Monitoring in Narrow Spaces)

"Scientists have achieved a groundbreaking milestone in quantum mechanics by manipulating the temporal evolution of a quantum system using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light pulses" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Control Atoms With Light and It Could Change Chemistry and Physics Forever)

The ability to see particles. And their chemical bonds. Make it possible to create new chemistry. And that new chemistry makes it possible to create fundamental new molecules that revolutionize medical research. In the same way, those new molecular bonds raise nanotechnology to a new level. 

The ability to order the angle. And the point. Where two atoms, or molecules make contact. Is the thing. That changes chemistry forever. 

Light can blow the electron cloud into one side of the atom. Or a very sharp photon beam can shoot one individual electron away from its position. That thing makes it possible. That system can create chemical bonds for noble gases. 

Light or photonics is the new tool. That can make the new very complex chemical compounds possible. 

The new observation tools and fast-reacting energy-pumping systems along with highly sophisticated neural networks make it possible to manipulate atoms and molecules in new ways. The system can make the ultra-high accurate physical and chemical environment and aim the UV or IR and other monotonic radiation types to the objects with very high accuracy. 

The ability to send radiation into the individual electrons is the thing that makes the system more accurate and fundamental than developers ever imagined. The system can adjust the physical environment with UV and IR holograms. And those things can adjust the energy level in the atoms and their parts with ultra-high accuracy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/high-performance-nanodiamonds-for-advanced-bioimaging-and-quantum-sensing/

https://scitechdaily.com/miniaturized-spectroscopy-delivers-real-time-monitoring-in-narrow-spaces/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-control-atoms-with-light-and-it-could-change-chemistry-and-physics-forever/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-made-molecules-do-the-impossible-with-light/

Researchers noticed that AI has its Achilles heel.

"Researchers showed AI models can be stolen by analyzing device signals, risking intellectual property and security. Countermeasures are now needed. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, AI’s Achilles’ Heel: Researchers Expose Major Model Security Flaw)

The AI is the computer program.  Or a very complex computer program. With multiple layers. That means if somebody attacks the AI server that hosts the large language model, LLM. That makes it possible to steal the AI. Basically, that means the hacker can download the LLM source code into that person's own server. 

Researchers from South Carolina State University. Made an Attack on the AI server. Using electromagnetic waves. That means they didn't make a straight attack against the server. That means the server's firewalls and other things are helpless against the attack. The technology that those people used based the electromagnetic waves. 

"Researchers used electromagnetic signals to steal and replicate AI models from a Google Edge TPU with 99.91% accuracy, exposing significant vulnerabilities in AI systems and calling for urgent protective measures." (ScitchDaily, AI’s Achilles’ Heel: Researchers Expose Major Model Security Flaw)

"Researchers have shown that it’s possible to steal an artificial intelligence (AI) model without directly hacking the device it runs on. This innovative technique requires no prior knowledge of the software or architecture supporting the AI, making it a significant advancement in model extraction methods." (ScitchDaily, AI’s Achilles’ Heel: Researchers Expose Major Model Security Flaw)

“AI models are valuable, we don’t want people to steal them,” says Aydin Aysu, co-author of a paper on the work and an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at North Carolina State University. “Building a model is expensive and requires significant computing sources. But just as importantly, when a model is leaked, or stolen, the model also becomes more vulnerable to attacks – because third parties can study the model and identify any weaknesses.” (ScitchDaily, AI’s Achilles’ Heel: Researchers Expose Major Model Security Flaw)

"The researchers stole the hyperparameters of an AI model that was running on a Google Edge Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)". (ScitchDaily, AI’s Achilles’ Heel: Researchers Expose Major Model Security Flaw)

So, by using this method. Researchers were able to determine the architecture and specific characteristics – known as layer details – researchers and later hackers, would need to make a copy of the AI model.

When an electromagnetic wave travels through another field affects its strength. That means. Things like radars that send electromagnetic waves through data lines can read data that travels in those lines. The idea is that the system acts like an X-ray system. It sends a radio wave through the data line and the sensor at the opposite side detects changes in that field and it can read data. 

The laser system that makes laser rays scatter can used to steal data from optical networks. Or the system can create a hologram around the laser ray. If the laser ray oscillates that hologram can steal information from those laser rays. 

If somebody can steal the LLM that is a very bad thing. Developing those things is expensive. But there is always some other possibility. Bad boys can use those stolen computer programs to create the evil twin for the use of China, North Korea, and Russia. In the wrong hands, the LLM can create virus codes and control cyber-attacks. 

Normally the ability to make malicious code is denied from legal or official LLMs. But in illegal copies, those abilities can exist. So, hackers can use those LLM evil twins for cyber attacks and industrial espionage. The LLM can also make cyber attacks on surveillance systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ais-achilles-heel-researchers-expose-major-model-security-flaw/

The ant-shaped robots are moving large stones.

Robots are multipurpose tools. And even small robots can move large objects if they act as groups. Ant-shaped miniature robots are excellent tools for many purposes. They can take samples from ant nests and search for things like fungus between walls. The miniature robots can make chains and deliver information from cramped places. 

They can observe cables and search for damages from tubes and electric wires. The use of those robots is almost unlimited. They can act in medical operations where they can operate as miniature surgical tools. The jaws of those robots can act as surgeon knives. The miniature robots can carry miniature sensors that can search for many things. The cloud-based calculation systems are tools that can make miniature robots operate independently. 

The non-centralized data architecture makes it possible to turn those robot's computers into one entirety. And that turns those robots into a deep neural network where they share their calculation capacity. 

That gives those systems the ability to drive quite complex algorithms. This gives them very high independence. Maybe one part of those swarms doesn't have very high-power processors. But if they act as an entirety, those systems can be very effective.

Those robot ants can go inside houses and deliver information about the enemy headquarters. In the military world, those small robots can slip into the computer centers and then cut wires from those computers. Or they can deliver the oil spill response microbe to fuel storage. The same microbes can be used against oil damage. But in the fuel tank, those microbes destroy the fuel.  

Miniature robots can also act as testbeds for larger-size robots. Large robots can also operate in swarms. That makes the robot swarm technology suitable for large systems. The car or lorry-size robots can also operate as an entirety. 

The new robots can act as legos. They can form larger structures that can remove themselves. The self-assembly materials make it possible to create self-assembly and self-repairing surfaces and structures. In those structures, the material is formed of the separated robots that can touch each other. 

https://scitechdaily.com/watch-ant-like-robot-swarms-lift-heavy-objects-with-herculean-strength/

Cryofreezing can end death as we know it.

Cryofreezing or cryopreservation can make many things possible. The ability to freeze and thaw cells and organisms and return them back alive is the tool that can end death. There are many problems with those technologies. But it's possible to freeze a person into liquid helium and maybe someday we can wake that person alive. The problem is that if we freeze cells too fast they will damage. 

But if we would have nanomachines that remove liquids from the cells that give space for expansion that technology could turn death into the past. Another way would be the dry freeze.  In that technology, all liquids will removed from cells, and that thing makes it possible to freeze those cells. When the cell returns to life the system injects liquids back into it. The problem with humans is that we have very many cells. And that requires very advanced nanotechnology. But maybe someday in the future that is possible. 

The problem with cryonics is that a person is "sleeping". That means the person cannot communicate with others and that is one of the ethical problems of the cryostatic process. If we would send the cryogenic crew to other stars those people will never see their friends and families again.

The same problem is in the cases where a person waits for the cure for some deadly disease. That means when a person will return to life after 200 years there is nobody that person knew alive. That thing can make it possible to travel to the future. And that's why we can say that cryonic capsules are very slow time machines. And maybe someday we can return those frozen people to life. 

In some visions, the person uses the brain-computer interface BCI during their entire life. And that microchip stores all of the memories and brain activity into the computer memory. Then the system clones the person and then drives the data from the past body to the next body. Cloning the person might be made simple by exchanging the DNA from the morula. That is one thing that can turn a person back to life. 

Maybe in the future. We can use genetic engineering to extend our lifetime. The system must just create a cell that can replace old DNA and mitochondria with new and fresh DNA and mitochondria.

The genetically engineered Q-fever bacteria can transport new mitochondria. And DNA into the cells. 

The idea is simple. Genetically engineered Q-fever bacteria can travel into the cells. And destroy their mitochondria and DNA. And then replace those things with the new fresh DNA and mitochondria.

https://www.freethink.com/biotech/cryopreservation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_fever

Can entangled particles exchange information faster than light?

When researchers put two elementary particles into superposition and entanglement. Researchers just make them oscillate synchronously. Information travels from the higher-energy particle to the lower-energy particle. And when a particle's energy levels are the same that forms a standing wave between them. 

That destroys the quantum entanglement. The requirement for quantum entanglement and superposition is that those particles are identical. The superposition is possible between two photons. But it's not possible between photon and electron. Superposition between simple systems like two photons is an everyday operation. Complex systems mean systems like baryons. There is more than one particle and that makes it hard to control. 

The superposition between complex systems like protons can happen by putting their down-quarks into superposition. And then the energy and information will flow between those two systems. The proton is the system. There are two up and one down quarks. 

And if the superposition is made between down quarks, that makes information possible to escalate to those up quarks through the proton's quantum field. It is also possible to put the two down quarks into superposition. And that makes it possible to create a quantum processor that is smaller than an atom. 

When the system starts to make the superposition it aims electromagnetic or acoustic waves to the transmitting side. First, the system drives information to the transmitting side. That system puts the receiving part in the opposite position. The system aims a laser beam at the transmitting particle. And laser beam forms a quantum shadow between those particles. That thing makes information travel between those particles. That system can be two frames where there is a trapped photon. The frame inputs data to the photon. Laser puts those photons in a superposition between receiving photons. 

But can information travel in superposition faster than light? The answer is yes and no. When the system makes the superposition it just makes a quantum tunnel between those particles. The tunnel forms when the laser beam starts to make the superposition.  Information can travel faster than usual in that quantum tunnel. But the photon is always the fastest particle. In that quantum tunnel or quantum shadow photons can travel faster than outside that tunnel. 

https://phys.org/news/2024-12-entangled-particles-communicate-faster.html

Cosmic threats are always with us.

"Rogue planets may be numerous in the galaxy, but it surprises most to learn that there are between 100 and 100,000 rogue planets for every star in our galaxy, putting the total number of planets wandering through the Milky Way at somewhere around a quadrillion" (BigThink, Most planets in the Universe are orphans without parent stars)

The planetary defense is a thing. That we should think. The universe including our solar system is full of asteroids and dwarf planets. Some of them are small and we can see them at the last minute. And some of them are seen when they travel past the Earth. But the fact is that. Larger asteroids can cause larger threats than small asteroids. 

If about a 100-meter-size asteroid hits Earth. That will cause very large destruction. It's quite easy to defend cities and Earth against small asteroids. But if the problem is that if some Ceres-size asteroid comes to Earth we see that thing far away. 

And that means we have time to destroy that target. If there is lots of water on the asteroid the large-size nuclear weapon can detonate a hole in the ice that can cover the ocean. And then that erupting water acts like a rocket engine. That pushes the large asteroids away from their trajectories. 

But if a large asteroid like Ceres hits our planet that is the end of life here. In some horrifying scenarios, the large asteroid impacts the moon and then pushes it to impact the course of the Earth. Cosmic catastrophes can wipe any civilization into history and transform any planet into a cosmic molecular cloud. 

One of the threats is the rogue planets. Rogue planets can come into our solar system just like some asteroids. And a big rogue planet can turn the solar system into chaos. 

Most of the planets in the universe might be without parent stars. People call those planets as rogue planets. The rogue planet travels all around the universe. Some of them might be the result of a supernova or nova eruption. But it's possible. The planet can form spontaneously far away from stars, and that means. Rogue planets can be more common than we thought. 

The traveling planets are always a risk to solar systems. If a large, about Saturn-size rogue planet arrives in the solar system, that causes chaos. Those massive rogue planets will pull the asteroids and moons from their trajectory. But smaller rogue planets can also pull things like asteroids from the Kuiper belt behind them. 

The thing is that the threat of rogue planets is real. And if we face a situation where a rogue planet arrives in our solar system. We would need a very powerful tool. That can turn that planet away or crush it. The antimatter bomb can destroy a large planet. And then the laser systems can destroy those asteroids that will travel to our solar system. Or we can just sit and wait for the impact. 

The choice is that we will stand without making a thing. That can mean that the large object can impact Earth. If Earth impacts with a Mars-size planet that will be the end of our world. The thing is that the small rogue planets might be planets that the star explosion pushed away. And large rogue planets can be planets that formed outside the star's gravity field. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/most-planets-are-orphans/

New Chinese weapons are terrifying.

The Chinese nuclear submarines can launch long-range submarine-launched ballistic missiles, SLBMs, quite soon. Those new weapons are equipped with new nuclear warheads that can have hypersonic glide capacity. That means that the very high-power medium-range DF-17 with hypersonic glide vehicle, HGV called DF-ZF. 

Can fitted to those new nuclear submarines. The thing is that those hypersonic systems are deadly tools. The DF-ZF gliders can also mount to the longer-range ballistic missiles. And Chinese can use them against aircraft carriers and other targets that can be far away from the coastlines. The long-range hypersonic missiles can be the top priority in Chinese military doctrine. 

The idea is that those land-based conventional- or nuclear missiles can be tools that can threaten enemy forces around China. But crews of those systems stay under control. The hypersonic missile can also use the kinetic energy. The speed of those weapons is so high, that they are dangerous without warheads. The speed of a hypersonic drone can be four times higher than famous GAU-8 cannon ammunition. 

And their mass is many times higher than the 30 mm. uranium ammunition. The hypersonic missiles are a big threat. The ability to install those weapons into nuclear submarines is the next step to raise the Chinese fleet strike capacity. The technical advances in the Chinese military have been faster than anybody predicted. 

The next step in that case will be that China will modernize its nuclear submarine fleet. That means China will replace its old, noisy diesel-electric submarines with new nuclear-powered systems. The new innovative propulsion like plasma-pulse engines will give those submarines very powerful attack and stealth capacity. 

Above: Chinese mobile launcher DF-17 with DF-ZF (WU-14) Hypersonic Glide Vehicle.

The electromagnetic rail guns and other new weapons give that military force a new way to complete things like amphibious missions. The intensive hacking and intelligence work might make the new advancements possible. The thing is that China will want to become a global superpower. 

The problem with the Chinese military is that the Chinese economy and entire society are harnessed to serve the People's Liberation Army, PLA. That means that the Chinese military is the center of the China. This means there is no similar resourcing in the West that breaks the investments into the PLA's strike capacity. 

The fast-advancing technology in the Chinese military causes problems with NATO. The U.S. military has problems focusing its newest technology in the case of crises. That started at the same time in Asia and Europe. The elder F-16 and F/A-18 might have problems with Chinese J-20 multirole fighters and the new hypersonic strike capacity. In the same way, this new strike capacity forces the U.S. and its allies to put more money into more expensive military systems. 

That means the Western military grows old faster than we expect. The new advances in quantum computing give the Chinese military forces new ways to make powerful new tools like new stealth bombers and fighters along with new hypersonic stealth missiles that can give powerful surprise attacks. To any target around the world. 

https://interestingengineering.com/military/stealthiest-submarine-aukus-terrify-china-power

https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/08/china-launches-its-most-sophisticated-submarine-to-date/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DF-17

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DF-ZF

Researchers uncovered how deep networks think.

"A revolutionary method finally unlocks the mystery of how AI works. By uncovering the logic behind its decisions, this research shows how machines categorize the world and ensures AI systems are safer and smarter. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, How Scientists Are Finally Revealing AI’s Hidden Thoughts)

Image 2 introduces the deep (learning) neural network. When we look at the neural network we can see that there are four main layers. But when we think that the deep neural network is an AI-based system there is a possibility that the neural network can distribute or divide and scatter that entirety into the multiple sub entireties. 

That means there can be multiple different layers. And if every single point is one single computer. That means the computer can take the mission and share it with other computers. This is the reason why the deep network can be so effective. 

The thing is that those computers in the deep networks can operate separately or they can operate in entirety. The system can cut problems into smaller parts and then share them with computers. If the deep network has some more urgent mission. It can save the mission. And then handle that more urgent mission. Or the deep network can turn itself into multiple different networks. And all of those networks can operate independently. Then they can connect their results into a new entirety. 

Image 2: Deep network. 

The deep network emulates human brains. The system thinks through layers. And that makes it a very powerful tool. The deep neural networks can drive different types of information into their layers horizontally. Then deep can compare those datasets with each other. That means the system puts the datasets together vertically. 

Or it can connect them with new data and make new connections in those datasets. Deep neural networks can search the differences between two objects or they can find overlaps from those datasets. And that allows the deep neural network to eliminate those overlaps from datasets. And that makes those systems more effective. Because. They must not handle the same information many times. 

The ability to connect data into new effective entireties makes the deep networks tools that can beat any single computer. The deep network can connect datasets partially. That means it must not use its all force in the data handling process. If the four-layer system in a deep network uses two of its layers for searching differences. The are two layers for searching for similarities. Or for some other things. 

"The k* distribution method, developed by researchers from Kyushu University, allows clear visualization and evaluation of how a neural network interprets data. Credit: Danilo Vargas, Kyushu University" (ScitechDaily, How Scientists Are Finally Revealing AI’s Hidden Thoughts)

"Introducing the k* Distribution Method" (ScitechDaily, How Scientists Are Finally Revealing AI’s Hidden Thoughts)

"In this study, the researchers developed a new method, called the k* distribution method, that more clearly visualizes and assesses how well deep neural networks categorize related items together." (ScitechDaily, How Scientists Are Finally Revealing AI’s Hidden Thoughts)

"The model works by assigning each inputted data point a “k* value” which indicates the distance to the nearest unrelated data point. A high k* value means the data point is well-separated (e.g., a cat far from any dogs), while a low k* value suggests potential overlap (e.g., a dog closer to a cat than other cats). When looking at all the data points within a class, such as cats, this approach produces a distribution of k* values that provides a detailed picture of how the data is organized."(ScitechDaily, How Scientists Are Finally Revealing AI’s Hidden Thoughts)

“Our method retains the higher dimensional space, so no information is lost. It’s the first and only model that can give an accurate view of the ‘local neighborhood’ around each data point,” (ScitechDaily, How Scientists Are Finally Revealing AI’s Hidden Thoughts)

https://scitechdaily.com/how-scientists-are-finally-revealing-ais-hidden-thoughts/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning

Don't use the Chat GPT for financial advice.

The Chat GPT and other large language models are very good tools when they answer multiple-choice tasks where is strict and precise values. But when LLM should answer about things questions that are not so precise as multiple-choice questions. Those LLMs have problems. Things like fusion contracts are problematic. 

Because there are always some kind of different interpretations of those contracts. When the data that the LLM handles involves many interpretations and uncertainty the LLM has problems. The financial information is always short numeric data when we talk about things like stock marketing. The AI can operate multiple or even millions of objects at the same time. 

And that makes the AI cannot make a financial loss. But contracts and juridical texts are different. Many things are different from the precise world. The thing is that the LLM that we call artificial intelligence can handle very well. 

The problems are coming when the AI should find information that is not from the most common topics. It's possible. That those data sources are not valid. Another thing is that the terminology in marketing, trade, and court systems are not very common things outside those systems. 

That causes a situation in which the AI can start to search for things like the term "liquidate" from the internet. And we know that this term might mean something that doesn't belong to financial and trade language. Synonyms can cause problems for the AI. 

When the AI makes analyzes of some systems that system is as good as information that it can use. The AI requires information that is the same way trusted and confirmed as humans do. The thing is while the AI analyses the court decisions and advice should the lawyer start the court process the AI requires all information about the case and the precedents about similar cases. And that means the AI cannot probably predict the court order in the case. 

The AI is the ultimate tool when it uses specific and exact information. But if that information is manipulated, corrupted or something is missing. That means the AI cannot make the right decisions without the right information. AI doesn't differ from humans when it makes decisions. If we think the need for confirmed and trusted information. 

https://scitechdaily.com/why-you-should-think-twice-before-relying-on-chatgpt-for-financial-advice/

Christmas is here.

Christmas is here. Now it is Christmas night. The night should be the celebration of mercy. But sometimes that thing causes trauma. Christmas is the celebration of something that should be mercy. But the thing is that the mercy sometimes hurts people. When we talk about religion we always see some far-wing representations and their opinions about that thing. 

And today. We can think about our relationship with god. Science is like a thin corridor. The thin corridor means that all knowledge that we have is somehow limited. The thing is that. 

We all travel in thin corridors. We can say that knowledge makes the thin corridors. When we make some new models. We must justify those things by using comprehensive research.  If we don't use empirical research. And empiric methods those things are not different from opinions. 

If we want to have deep knowledge of things like computing. We need time to learn those things. 

That means. That time is away from something else. 

The thin corridor means that if we want to have deep knowledge of something. We must realize that there are lots of things that we should know. 

But when we talk about the idea that the only thing that we need is god's love, we must understand that we need also food and other kinds of things. The other thing is that. We have the right to talk about the god. Even if we have different opinions than some other people. 

If we want to think about the god. And god's relationship with the material. And the universe. We can say that the god is substance. 

The substance that existence and abilities depend on itself. But if the god is a substance that means there should be something that creates this substance. The thing is that god is one thing that we can handle by thinking of that thing as an intelligent and powerful structure in the universe. 

Sir Isaac Newton said that the universe is like a clock. And that means. God must have a willingness to help people. 

If we want to make the god angry we can close our eyes and walk on the streets. Believing that god saves us.

And should not disturb god without a good reason. But there are also many other ways to think about the god. But then we can say that the god.  And other things are sometimes very uncomfortable topics for discussion.  There is a good way to cheat people. The other person asks. Do other people believe in god? 

The other person starts to say. That the person who says "yes" believes in some "superstition". During that discussion. The people say that their grandmother believes, etc. In that situation, the people press their company to make "confessions". And that thing is a very traumatic way to discuss about religion. 

The night before Christmas.

It's the night before Christmas. That is the night when Santa Claus collects final reports from his assistants. And makes decisions about what kind of gifts people deserve. Good people get good gifts that make them happy. Bad people get bad gifts that make them unhappy. So what gift will you want or what gift will you give to your best friend or your worst enemy? The village is waiting...

Here is no snow. So we might want a white Christmas and snow back. The thing is that we wait for gifts and Santa Claus. But the fact is that. Humans are the things that make Christmas. We are the thing that makes feelings and memories. So what can we give to everybody? We can say that the gift that we can give is knowledge. We can develop technology that makes Earth a better place. Earth is warming. 

And we can make things that slow that warming.  But somehow. Even if we know. That global temperature rises. We cannot make any things that we can slow the temperature rise. The night before Christmas is the moment before truth. We might ask for many types of gifts. Somebody might even promise some gifts to us. But tomorrow we see if will we get any gifts. 

The night before Christmas is the time to wait. Will people who we want to meet come? Or are they sick? There are many things that we might want to promise before Christmas. And there are many promises to us. But are those promises only promises, that repeat one Christmas after one? Maybe those promises are like some Christmas tails. They might be like some Christmas novels. "Next year we..." and then, so what? That thing ever happens. 

The night before Christmas is a time to think. What do we want? Do we want things that nobody even can make? And do we think that the merchandise is the thing that makes Christmas better? Do you think that Santa Claus brings you something like sportscars or something like that? The thing is that Santa doesn't bring that kind of gift even in the stories. The gifts that Santa Claus brings are always something that people cannot take them away. They are something so special that nobody can even imagine those things. So does Santa exist? 

That thing is standing in the supermarket and sharing candies with people. But maybe we see the shadow of the sled and man pulled by raindeers traveling over the moon. Maybe Santa Claus is meant for people. Who want to keep their Christmas spirit over their life from childhood to old-timers. Maybe we don't believe that character, but it would be nice to be nice to people. And maybe Santa Claus can help us to make those things. 

The Open AI's new Chat GPT tool beats the company's main researcher.

Artificial intelligence shows its power in a new form. Open AI's new complex large language model beat the company's head researcher, making the system more powerful and complicated than ever before. When we talk about LLMs and artificial intelligence, we face the fact that  AI boosts its development. 

The AI might not produce new things like mathematical formulas. However, AI can collect existing data and sort it into new orders. So that means the AI can apply the data that researchers collected into databases. 

The AI is the tool. That can observe things. In new interactive ways. And because the AI can search data all night long. And it will never be tired. That gives the AI an ability that humans miss. It can search for things like radio waves and the net. Without the need to rest.  

Without breaks which makes the AI system more powerful than other systems. Another thing is that. The AI is a tool. That can handle massive data flows from different sources. 

However, some researchers asking. Do we already have the artificial general intelligence, AGI? That is a more complicated question than we might even dare to say. The AGI is the AI or substance that can use everything. And then we face another thing. 

The AI can make things only when we give orders. Or it can make things that are pre-ordered into it. But then we can face the thing called fatal error. What if the AI equates some things like common intermediate recording or backup data to necessary things? That it must do. 

The idea is that the AI can have an internal error detection and fixing algorithm. So what if that algorithm detects that the AI doesn't back up the data if that thing is pre-programmed into other computer programs? The algorithm can include the ability to LLM without asking the programmer's permission. If its mission is to detect and fix simple errors. 

There is no general person, GP, or general genius GG. All people have limits in their knowledge and abilities. And that means we might not have the ability or will to test the limits of AI. 

AI has also its limits. And the main limit is the access to physical robots. The AI can turn physical only if it interacts with physical machines. And that makes the AI complicated. 

The AI or large language model can drive a car if it has access to the car's central computer. And the car has an advanced autopilot. Or the LLM has access to search that program from the net and transfer the code to the self-driving car. Or the AI can use humanoid robots as drivers. 

The AI learns incredibly fast. The system just connects the database that involves the operational orders into it. So the car's autopilot programs are modules. That the LLM, or AI can connect to itself. And every single module is a new thing. That the LLM or AI learns.

But can the AI create another AI? The fact is that the AI is substance. The existence of a substance depends on the substance itself. Says Spinoza. But the substance cannot create itself. For that thing substance requires other substances. 

When a substance called AI creates a new substance or new AI it just connects existing small substances together like a puzzle. Every piece of the puzzle is the independent language model. And the substance that creates new AI just connects those pieces into a larger entirety. That is one way to think about the AI. 

The AI can copy itself into other computers. So that means the substance can create subsubstance. The AI can search for things like how to protect itself against things like machine failure. That means the AI can slip into other computers than it should be. And those things can cause surprises. 

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/20/technology/openai-new-ai-math-science.html

Neutron beams and Death Stars.

Laser-operated particle accelerators make many new things possible. The laser beam can accelerate neutral particles. And that allows them to control neutrinos and neutrons. That makes them suitable to create neutron beams. 

The system can work like this. The laser rays will take neutrons with them. While they travel through a nuclear reactor. Then some kind of layer pulls laser ray into itself. And then. The neutrons can continue their journey through that thin membrane. 

The system can shoot a laser ray through the nuclear reactor. Then the laser ray will just take neutrons with it. And that thing can make the neutron beam possible. There is, of course, a laser beam with those neutrons. But as I just wrote. That laser beam can removed from those beams. 

The laser systems can also trap neutrons and neutrinos in them. That system can aim energy into those particles. The laser system can make it possible to trap neutrons. 

But the neutrino trap is not so sure. In that trap, high-power electromagnetic radiation makes those neutrons hover. Then that structure can be used to make the neutron radiation. The neutron laser would be an interesting system. 

Making them send radiation whose wavelength is the same as the diameter of the particles that send the wave movement. That thing makes it possible to create neutron radiation. The system requires nuclear reactors and suitable laser systems. Researchers can make those systems by using miniature nuclear reactors. 

When we think about the Star Wars movies and their iconic Death Star systems the thing is that kind of systems can be possible. The Death Star system uses a ball-shaped magnet that pulls ions over its shell. The point where the laser system has the opposite polarity. That helps to focus those ions on the laser. 

The system can have two layers. In the internal layer travels anions and at the outer layer travel ions. The particle focus is at the point where lasers are sending those rays. 

The fact is that. When we talk about that kind of system. Their shape can be similar to those fictional Death Stars. But their size might be far smaller. 

And then. A laser ray can take those ions with it. The system can inject anions through the laser eye. And then those lasers can give those ions and anions extremely high power punch. The thing that makes the Death Star system interesting is that this kind of system can create a relativistic jet. The power of that jet is not the same as some black hole. But the miniature Death Star can operate as part of a particle accelerator. 

The Chinese humanoid robots challenge the "Optimus".

The Chinese startup introduced humanoid robots that should challenge Elon Musk's "Optimus". And we know where that robot is meant. The fact is that the humanoid robot is a multipurpose tool. And that tool can make almost everything that humans. 

And that means. It has a role in military and civil marketing. The humanoid robot can have semi-automatic or full-automatic modes. 

The idea is that in semi-automatic modes. The robot can be like a remote-controlled tool. That means. The controller can operate the robot. By using things like a joystick and arrow keys. If the programmer programs a robot to go shopping for that person. 

The system operator can use large language models, LLM, and virtual reality tools like data gloves for that operation. The operator teaches the action. And then. The robot can make it automatically. 

And those robots also have automatized actions.  That the robot can do automatically. 

In full-automatic models. The operator makes the action list for the robot. That it should make during the day. 

Programming robots. Is a similar operation. To teach a child The operator controls every operation. When a robot takes action for the first time. 

Then that robot. Or it's computer records that action. After that, the operator must only choose necessary actions from the library of those records. 

 A robot can make those things. Without separated commands.

If those robot operators can use brain-computer interface, BCI and brain-machine interface 

That thing might look like cute. But the problem is that the same robot, that builds houses for people can also act as a combat robot. The humanoid robot can fly aircraft or act as an infantryman. Humanoid robots will turn more and more independent the higher-power microchips and photonic processors decrease the need for networks. 

And maybe in the future. Some warships can operate using those humanoid robots as crew. The humanoid robots can turn any ship or other vehicle into a robot. And that is one thing that we should worry about. The same robots that operate on battlefields can operate on the Moon and other planets. Maybe the first landers to another planet are human-shaped robots that collect samples and test technology. 

Those robots can be covered by sensors and they might test the space suits and heat protection. And maybe those robots will make comfortable stations far away from the Earth.  

The humanoid robots can travel to outer planets and operate there under AI control. That means people must not spend long-term periods of their lives on those journeys. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-powerful-humanoid-robot-unveiled

Scientists crack cell communication.

"Mirror life presents serious dangers, primarily due to its potential to interact unpredictably with the natural world. Without natural checks like predators or antibiotics, mirror organisms could replicate uncontrollably, creating risks that scientists are only beginning to understand. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, “Mirror Bacteria” Warning: A New Kind of Life Could Pose a Global Threat)

 Scientists crack cell communication. Or, they crack the chemical messages. That the cells use to communicate with each other. Along with new observation tools. That makes the system able to communicate with bacteria and immune cells. The reality is this. If something needs to be controlled by some system. That requires that the controller can observe the system. 

The new systems are tools that can turn the bacteria into miniature biorobots. It's possible. The manipulated bacteria can be from those communication chemicals. 

The other way to turn bacteria into robots is to put microchips in them. Nanotechnology makes it possible to create small systems that can turn the bacteria's DNA plasmids. The DNA plasmid is the ring-shaped DNA in the bacteria. And that is the chemical brain of those tiny organisms. 

If the system can read DNA that turns bacteria into zombies that makes what the controller wants. Turning the DNA plasmid into the right position makes it possible to turn bacteria into the zombie that attacks against other bacteria. The ability to read the bacteria's communication. Allows the system to order bacteria to attack against wanted cells and chemicals. And in the ideal situation, the system just orders bacteria to leave the body. 

Mirror bacteria are like natural bacteria's evil twins. They produce proteins and enzymes that act the wrong way. Or they can inject the genome into the targeted cells that act the wrong way. The idea would be that the mirror bacteria can inject the mirror genome into the cancer cells. The ability to read genetic code makes new types of medicals and vaccines possible, 

The thing is that bioengineering and genetic engineering make it possible to create so-called mirror bacteria. Those bacteria are the natural bacteria's evil twins that can cause problems if they are released into nature. Those evil twin bacteria developed in medical research. Their mission is to develop the proteins that go into the targeted bacteria. In the wrong ways. Or if those bacteria will exchange genomes to other bacteria they pump their DNA into the receiver the wrong way. 

And that should cause death for those targeted bacteria. But those mirror bacteria can cause very bad problems or disasters in nature. The idea in the mirror bacteria is that they are like some kind of "Nosferatu" or vampire bacteria. Just like "Nosferatu's" evil Count Orlok or some Count Dracula are the human's evil twins those mirror bacteria are also evil twins of bacteria.  The function of the mirror bacteria is. Its genomes act backward to their natural companion bacteria. And that makes them very dangerous tools in the wrong hands. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mirror-bacteria-warning-a-new-kind-of-life-could-pose-a-global-threat/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-finally-cracked-the-code-of-cellular-communication/  

 https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-the-genetic-code-to-supercharge-flu-vaccines/  

Black holes. And gravitational quantum effect.

Can the Aether and Higgs field be the same thing? 

When researchers talk about things like the Higgs field. That is the base energy level in the universe. We can say that they talk about Aetherium. The energy field that carries the wave movement. 

In the past. Physicists believe. That there is some kind of energy field in the universe. 

That field carries information. The thing that supports this model is that wave movement cannot move in a total vacuum. There must be some field where the wave can travel. 

Without a field. There are no changes in energy levels. And we cannot see the field if we are in it. We can only see the changes in the power of the field. Electromagnetic and other waves are only the changes in the power of the field. 

The idea is that there is some kind of energy field where information travels. Famous physicist Albert Abraham Michelson named that field "Aether". When we think about Albert Abraham Michelson. And his "Aether". That is "proven wrong". 

We must realize. Some people talking about the same thing. Even if. They use different names for the substance. 

Could the Higgs field? Or the base energy field in the universe. Same as this mythic aether? So did Higgs and Michelson talk about the same thing? The Higgs field is the medium where information travels.

 And that explains many things about black holes and gravitation. 

Black holes are such extreme objects that we cannot find similar things from anywhere else. There is no top limit for those monster's mass, but there is no minimum mass for black holes. That means there can be miniature black holes even in your room.  The String Theory goes like this. The quantum-size black holes make the gravitational tornadoes or tunnels through the Higgs field. And then those energy tornadoes turn around extremely small black holes. Forming the elementary particles. 

Sometimes. things like ghosts are explained the tiny black hole brings information from the past or some other place. The idea is that the quantum-size black hole is in every single elementary particle. When black holes spin they bound energy into them. 

But when we think about the gravitational effect there is a possibility that there are two types of gravitation. When black holes spin very fast that thing causes the macro-scale tornado in the Higgs field. And that macro-scale tornado would be a so-called wormhole. 

When we think about things like gravitational engines they must make some kind of hole in the gravitational field. And if gravitation is an effect in the Higgs field that makes them possible. Those engines must make a tunnel through the energy fields. 

And one of those energy fields is the gravitational field. Theoretically, fast-spinning particles can make energy tornado. That is needed for that thing. But it's possible. The only thing that can turn the gravitation into the roll is the black hole. 

That quantum low-pressure pulls the craft into it. The gravitational engines just make the hole into some energy field and then that makes those things move. 

The graviton: does it exist?

When we look at the image of the photon we see the ring-shaped structure. That structure can focus energy in the middle of it. That means the answer to the mystery of graviton can be found in the middle of the photon. That means graviton can be the point where the photon focuses energy from the Higgs field. Photon has two forms. 

The particle and wave movement forms. When we look at the photon's structure. It's possible. When the photon takes the wave movement it travels through that ring-shaped particle-photon. That thing can transmit energy or information to the wave that travels through the photon. 

The String theory describes a graviton as a quantum-size black hole. And the string or superstring is the quantum tornado through the Higgs field. 

There is a model that a graviton is a quantum-size black hole. That thing can be found in the middle of the photon.  That thing makes the Superstring theory true. In that theory, so-called superstrings form elementary particles. In the String model, The superstring is an extremely thin electromagnetic field. And that means the superstring can be a quantum tornado in the Higgs field. 

In some versions of the String Theory, the quantum-size black hole makes the quantum tornadoes through the Higgs field. And that quantum tornado would be the superstring that forms all material. The superstring forms a whisk-shaped structure in elementary particles. And we see that structure as elementary particles like quarks and other fermions. 

But that is only one of the possibilities that can explain why nobody found graviton. 

There are four fundamental interactions in the universe. 

Strong nuclear force

Weak nuclear force

Electromagnetism 

Gravitation. 

Graviton is the point that sends gravitational waves. That point is not necessarily a particle. It can be the quasi- or virtual particle. The virtual particle means the energy field or quantum point that behaves like a so-called real piece. 

Graviton is a hypothetical boson that should transmit gravitational waves. Nobody has seen that particle yet. Sometimes people ask: can gravitational waves form without that transmitter particle? 

The gravitational wave is gravitational wave movement and it should behave like all other fundamental interactions. It should have particle and wave movement forms. 

Gravitational waves are wave movements that transmit gravitation. Just like all other fundamental forces have. All other fundamental interactions have waveform and particle form. So, there must be some structure that sends that radiation. The wavelength of waves depends on the objects that send them. It's the same as the diameter of the object. That sends the wave movement. 

All other fundamental forces have a particle that transmits the radiation or wave movement. 

That means: Gravitation should also have that transmitting particle. But there are no observations about that kind of particle. So could gravitation have only wave movement form? 

But the graviton must not be a particle like some gluon or W boson. It's possible. That graviton is some kind of virtual particle. So if we describe graviton again we can say that graviton is the point that sends gravitational wave movement. 

That point can be the point in the energy field or some kind of energy dense in the energy field. That point sends wave movement so often that it pushes other wave formations backward. As I wrote. At the beginning of this text. Graviton can be the point in the photon. That thing explains why we cannot see that thing. 

Another thing that can make the gravitational waves is the particle itself. The model is that all elementary particles have a structure that looks like a whisk. That whisk is the superstring. When a particle spins the superstring pulls Higgs field into it. When that superstring is the hypothetical smallest part of the material gets an energy level that is higher than the environment. 

That thing explains the material destruction or turn into wave movement. In that model, the superstrings form the standing wave between them. Reflection from those fields pulls them horizontally. And that means the material can send two versions of waves. The energy that particles send as an entirety. And the energy that the individual superstrings send. 

The energy that. Particles sent as an entirety cover the energy that individual superstrings send. In some models, the graviton is the quantum-sized black hole. But those things are only hypothetical models.

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/gravitons-exist/ 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory