What is the deep-learning?

The chatbot software faces the ultimate limitations. One of those limitations is the limits of information and knowledge. We don't know many things that we think we know. We just guess those things and that is one of the most fundamental limitations that the large language model, LLM faces. The guess is another way to say that we have a theory about something. 

Another thing is that we have problems making deep-learning algorithms and deep-learning morphing networks. The problem is this: how to determine "deep learning". When we use some technical equipment we don't need to know what happens when we use that thing. The only needed things are the knowledge what happens when we push some control buttons. 

We can visit shops without knowledge of things like how barcodes and radio-frequency IDs called RFID work. They must only scan those bar codes and pay the bill. 

We can drive a car without any knowledge other than where we put the engine on, and then we must put the gear in the "D" position and then push the pedal. Or we can give orders where to drive to autopilot. We must know how to break. 

And that's it. Other things like washing windows etc. are also important. But we must not have any deep knowledge of what, really happens when we push the hammer. We must know that the car accelerates and slows its speed. We don't need to know the physics behind the engines or we don't need to know how the computer gets data for our screens. 

When somebody uses computers and LLMs they don't need information on how that kind of system learns things. When the LLM or AI accelerates an electric car it just thinks that it must increase the power input to the electric engines. When another sensor sees the value that is the speed limit, the AI will stop the acceleration when the system sees that the vehicle's speed is close to the target speed.  That is one version of the sense-and-response circuit. The AI handles everything by searching values and then it reacts when some values match. 

The camera or some other sensor like GPS can see the traffic signs. When it sees things like a "slow" sign that thing activates the program that can read the text and then that algorithm searches for matches from databases. There is a database that is marked as "slow" and then the system knows what it must do. 

Things like speed limits can also be in traffic maps and the GPS can locate the car. The robot car is one of the systems that can learn things. It can calculate time and other things like routes that a certain route takes. The system can select routes that are fastest and most economical. But the thing is the robot car must know anything that it can travel those routes. 

Deep learning means that the system, really knows what things like robot cars mean. The fact is that. The robot car can answer questions like "What are you" by saying that it's a robot. Then it can tell that it's an autonomous ground vehicle. But the other question is this: does the LLM understand what those things mean? The LLM can search homepages where there is text about autonomous vehicles and connect them. But also 10 years a child can make that thing. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/chatbot-software-begins-to-face-fundamental-limitations-20250131/

Scientists crack hidden speech signals in human brains.

"A £69 million ARIA-funded project aims to revolutionize Parkinson’s treatment by developing brain implants using midbrain organoids. Led by Professor George Malliaras, the research focuses on helping transplanted dopamine cells integrate into the brain. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com-" (ScitechDaily, Cambridge Scientists Develop Brain Implants To Treat Parkinson’s Damage)

That thing can revolutionize computing. And especially the BCI, brain-computer interface technology. The ability to read those signals makes it possible to control computers using those hidden signals. The system can decode those signals to the computer and drive them to speech-to-text applications. Then that application can give orders to computers. By using large language models, LLMs. 

The system transmits those hidden signals to the LLM that follows the orders. The thing that makes the BCI quite complicated is to filter non-wanted brain signals. The problem with those kinds of systems is that they can also help people like secret police to see what people think. Otherwise, it can be used to solve crimes, in cases where the fugitive or victim doesn't want to give information. 

Maybe quite soon, researchers can also read and decode other brain signals. Than just speech. That allows us to project things like memories to the computer screen. The knowledge that the brains think based on networks rather than single neurons helps to make models to make computers communicate with brains. 

"A groundbreaking study has revealed new brain regions that could help restore speech in people with Broca’s aphasia. Scientists are working toward a brain-computer interface that translates brain activity into spoken words, offering new hope for those who have lost their ability to communicate. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" ScitechDaily, Lost for Words? Scientists Decode the Brain’s Hidden Speech Signals)

The ability to read and decode brain signals makes it possible to predict the future better than ever. Brains are like computers. They compile things that happened before to the signals that the senses bring into it. That thing makes it possible to create predictions of what will happen next. There are certain signals in the environment that repeat every remarkable thing. And if we see those signals we can see the future. If we have more sensors that makes those observations more effective and accurate. 

Researchers found out how the cerebral cortex predicts the future. The process is very interesting. "The cerebral cortex plays a key role in predicting the future by detecting novel stimuli and forming short-term memories. A new study shows that networks of neurons, rather than single neurons, are responsible for this novelty detection, providing insights into both normal brain function and disorders like schizophrenia."(ScitechDaily, New Study Reveals How the Cerebral Cortex Predicts the Future) 

The new neuroimplants can fix the damage that Parkinson's made to the central nervous system. Maybe quite soon the neuro-implated microchips can also be used to fix other neural damages. The thing is that those very flat microchips can be on the skull or in the skull. And then the electrode or wireless system can communicate with those microchips. The thing is that those microchips can communicate with all kinds of devices. The brain-implanted microchips can also make it possible to communicate with other people by using thoughts. The microchip transmits the EEG to the receiver. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cambridge-scientists-develop-brain-implants-to-treat-parkinsons-damage/

https://scitechdaily.com/lost-for-words-scientists-decode-the-brains-hidden-speech-signals/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-reveals-how-the-cerebral-cortex-predicts-the-future/

How far in feelings the artificial superintelligence must or should go?

Researchers say that artificial superintelligence must have the ability to feel pain. Artificial intelligence can mimic feelings. It can read our feelings by searching and observing our faces. The AI can communicate with people using virtual actors or robot bodies. In the movie, "Aliens", the man-shaped robot called "Bishop" keeps contact with the spacecraft's central computers.

And acts as a medium between humans and computers. In "Terminator" movies the robot "Terminator" feels damage in its body, if it is shot. That is possible for modern robots. In the modern internet the AI or large language model, LLM can also interact with users using virtual actors. Those things can also mimic feelings. If a robot or virtual actor mimics pain and other feelings, that system can play human. 

When we think about the feelings and therapy the AI can give psychotherapy remotely as effective as humans. Those AI-based remote therapies had the same effect as therapies that humans gave. And that means the intelligent chatbot can be an even better therapist than humans. The AI will not get angry. Nobody can harm it, or threaten it. And the best thing about that thing is that. The AI will not try to continue the relationship after therapy. 

Does the artificial superintelligence need to feel pain? Or how can we be sure that thing feels pain? We can create a robot that says "ouch" if we put too much weight on its feet. That doesn't mean that the robot really feels pain. Its sensor tells the computer that something that weighs over some limit is on its feet. And that thing activates the "sense-and-response" circuit. 

That is one thing that makes the system able to mimic pain. In the same way, the robot can say "Don't hit" or hit back when we hit the robot. And it can yell "Be careful" or "You almost hit me" if somebody pushes it with the car. The words that the robot uses are in its database. When a robot sees something it activates the public reaction. But the robot doesn't feel pain. 

Same way we think that the robot is the system that is connected to the morphing neural network that allows it to operate through large language models. When a robot takes command it sends it right away to its central computers that can be morphing neural networks. Those morphing neural networks check how the robot should react to commands. And of course, the LLM must check if the command is in the list of allowed commands. 

The robot is the tool that acts as the intelligent or multipurpose microphone between humans and computer centers. The morphing neural networks can look like one single computer to outsiders. And that is one thing that can make the robot a tool. That can have more flexibility. From the AI. The robot is connected to central computers and maybe quite soon, to quantum computers. The quantum system is the top level of computing. The regular morphing neural networks operate as a gate to the quantum system. 

New quantum systems can send data between quantum computers in the form of qubits. The quantum networks make data transmission more secure than regular binary systems. And those robots require ultimate data security. That should deny things like attempts to hack the system. 

https://bigthink.com/mini-philosophy/if-we-want-an-artificial-superintelligence-we-may-need-to-let-it-feel-pain/

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(24)00404-8/abstract

Aging is an interesting thing.

"Selenoproteins play a crucial role in protecting blood-forming stem cells from oxidative damage. A study in Blood found that disrupting selenoprotein production impairs immune cell development and accelerates aging-related changes. However, dietary Vitamin E may help restore these functions, offering potential strategies to combat age-related diseases." (ScitechDaily, The Secret to Healthy Aging? Scientists Uncover the Power of Selenoproteins)

Theoretically making immortal creatures is quite an easy thing. The system must simply change the DNA in the mitochondria and the cell's nucleus. The system can store DNA in the digital form. And then nanotechnology restores that damaged DNA to its original form. The system removes damaged DNA from mitochondria and the cell's nucleus. And then it injects that fresh DNA into them. The problem is this: there are very many cells in the human body.  

Aging is one of the things. That is under research. The question about aging is mortality built in our DNA.  Or, does mortality come because of the outside effects? The outside effects. Metabolism production, Radiation, and toxins cause damage to the DNA. There is programmed cell death in the DNA. But sometimes that thing doesn't work. That makes the damaged cells make the descendants. 

Those damages cause mutations in the descendant cells and mitochondria. The mitochondria are the power sources for the cells. And those things have their own DNA and their own decay process. The question is which ages or dies first the cell's nucleus or mitochondria. 

Mitochondria take their own chemical signal to decay when the cell begins its mitosis. Researchers have noticed that selenoproteins can resist aging. That thing means that those proteins have some kind of effect on the cell's nucleus. Or maybe those proteins can affect mitochondria and their division. The protein can also slow aging by removing the products that mitochondria produce in metabolism. 

The mice that have human genomes help to solve what is the outside effect's role. And what is encoded in human DNA? Things like the aging process are important when people make long-term space travel to Mars and beyond. Things like cosmic radiation can destroy the DNA from cells and mitochondria. And that can accelerate aging. The cell's nucleus DNA and the mitochondria DNA are things that control the cell's everyday actions. 

Sometimes the malfunction in the mitochondria DNA is one of the reasons for some hereditary diseases. That means the mitochondria are underpowered or overpowered. So the cell cannot have strength if mitochondria are low power or it uses its nutrients too fast and boils the cell if mitochondria have overpowered. If mitochondrial metabolism is too high, the ion pumps in the cell cannot remove metabolic waste. And they cannot pump nutrients in. 

The reason for aging is in the DNA damage. Things like retroviruses transfer DNA from other species into human genomes. If that outcoming DNA will be at the point that controls the programmed cell death that can turn a cell into a cancer cell. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-humanized-mice-brings-scientists-closer-to-reversing-aging/

 https://scitechdaily.com/the-secret-to-healthy-aging-scientists-uncover-the-power-of-selenoproteins/

Researchers found a brain circuit that controls creativity.

"Creativity might not reside in a single brain region but rather in an interconnected brain circuit, according to a new study analyzing fMRI data and brain injuries. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover the Brain Circuit That Fuels Creativity)

"A new study suggests that creativity maps onto a common brain circuit and that injury and neurological disease have the potential to unleash creativity." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover the Brain Circuit That Fuels Creativity)

Searchers find gold if they search long enough. Modern technology. Like AI and sensor combinations are tools that can make miracles, new high-accuracy sensor-AI combinations can find new structures in the brains. And new sensors found the most holy thing in the human brain. 

That is the brain circuit that controls creativity. That thing is the most fundamental finding in human history. Things like new types of magnetoencephalography, MEG sensors can search and AI can compile details from the people's brain. That means they can make large-scale compile from many individuals. So they can search for creative people, and then those systems scan their brains. 

After that the AI searches for similarities in those people's brains. Then it can compile that information with people who are not creative. If only creative people have certain types of brain structures that help to find them by using MEG. The system can also search for similarities in the DNA of those people. And because genomes that control the human brain advance are known the system can search the base pairs that create those structures. 

"Functional connectivity with the rFP (green, left) defines a distributed brain circuit (right) that will encompass coordinates activated by creativity tasks. Credit: Brigham and Women’s Hospital"(ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover the Brain Circuit That Fuels Creativity)

*******************************************************************

*Researchers analyzed 857 participants across 36 fMRI brain imaging studies to identify a common brain circuit for creativity.

*They mapped this circuit in healthy individuals and then predicted how brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases might influence creativity.

*The study found that changes in creativity depend on where the brain is affected—injuries in certain areas may either disrupt or enhance creative abilities.

(ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover the Brain Circuit That Fuels Creativity)

*******************************************************************

"Lesion overlap maps from Abraham et al31 showing groups of patients with lesions in different neuroanatomical locations. Patients with lesions to the lateral frontal lobe (right) had impaired performance on creativity tasks, while patients with lesions to the frontal pole (left) had higher performance. B, Topographical relation of overlap maps in (A, white outlines) to the creativity circuit. Intersection of the lesion locations with our creativity circuit was significantly associated with lesion-induced effects on creativity task performance (eFigure 4 in Supplement 1). rFP indicates right frontal pole. Credit: Brigham and Women’s Hospital"(ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover the Brain Circuit That Fuels Creativity)

"Transcranial magnetic stimulation" (schematic diagram). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neurotherapy, a form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator generates a changing electric current within the coil which creates a varying magnetic field, inducing a current within a region in the brain itself" (Wikipedia, Transcranial magnetic stimulation)

The thing is that transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS, or Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, rTMS are tools that can also stimulate and activate other brain areas than just the area that controls depression. The knowledge of creativity and the brain circuits that control it offers the route to understanding, the brain's way to handling abstraction. 

This ability makes us superior to other species. The ability to control creativity, or activate creativity are things. That is very important in working life. The AI takes our mechanical jobs. So, we must focus on the things that make us humans. The machine is better in mechanical work. So, why don't start to focus on things there is needed creativity and the ability to handle abstractions. 

We can try to start the competition with robots with stamina and strength. We can try to beat AI in so-called mechanical coding. And probably we will lose. We should map things that are difficult or impossible for AI and focus on them. But the choice is us. 

By the way...

When we think that AI is a bad compositor we are wrong. If we think. That composition is a series of sound effects that please us, the AI can make a composition that we cannot resist. This requires that the AI can search pleasure centers in our brains. 

The idea is that AI can observe our brain areas that control pleasure. When AI creates sound it searches how that sound activates that brain area. And then it creates a sound series that deepens that pleasure. This means the AI can make sound series that we cannot resist. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-the-brain-circuit-that-fuels-creativity/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoencephalography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation

The Oxford researchers said. They archived teleportation between two quantum computers.

The quantum neural network is similar to regular morphing neural networks. But the difference is that the quantum neural network the qubits or quantum computers make the network. That means the quantum neural network would be the fastest and the most powerful computing system in the universe that we can imagine. Data travels in that network in the form of qubits or quantum entanglements between superpositioned particles. 

That teleportation happened between two quantum systems. That happened without moving qubits. So the researchers shot information in the form of quantum tape. Or wave movement through the quantum channel. That helps to scale quantum computers. 

In old quantum systems, the qubits were unique. Quantum teleportation means that the data travels in quantum channels in the quantum entanglement. The data can travel faster in the quantum channel than outside it. That channel can be like an electromagnetic shadow between two particles. 

And that means quantum entanglement can be extremely fast. And secure data transmission method. The idea is that data travels in the qubit or in the quantum string between two points. And that makes it impossible to eavesdrop on those signals. Quantum computers are tools that will change computing. 

But they have one problem. Their power is so high, that only another quantum computer can check their calculations. The quantum computer can make calculations in hours, which the regular computer requires for the rest of the existence of the universe. The weakness of quantum computers is that. 

They have not been scalable. Scalable quantum computers can check their solutions. The quantum channel is one kind of wormhole. Those channels are the things that are cleaned from molecules and crossing electromagnetic fields. And that thing means that. Light travels faster in quantum channels than it travels outside them. 

The Einstein-Rose bridge or gravitational wormhole is only the most extreme version of the wormhole. Things, like nanotubes and Faraday cages can make electromagnetic wormholes where some side-coming electromagnetic fields are removed. That thing protects the quantum entanglements from outside effects. Quantum entanglement can exist only when another side of the entanglement is at a lower energy level. 

The only known thing that can create the stable entanglement is the low-mass primordial black hole. The idea is that the photon would be in frame and that hypothetical black hole would be behind it. Then the transmitting side starts the data transmission between two photons. The black hole behind the receiving photon pulls energy into it. And keeps the stable entanglement in its form. 

That system requires a black hole. That is not possible to get. But maybe in the future that technology is possible. 

When the system makes the quantum entanglement it traps two photons in opposite frames. Then the system makes them oscillate synchronously. Then the system starts the data transmission. There are problems in putting mode complicated systems like atoms into quantum entanglement. 

The system stresses some electrons that they send the photon. And then it puts photons in the superposition and entanglement. The system can freeze those photons on the atom's quantum field which is one way to make quantum teleportation. 

The thing that could help the existence of the quantum entanglement would be a super cold environment. The idea is that the difference between those photon's energy levels should be as high as possible. 

That maximizes the differences between energy levels in that quantum entanglement. There are two ways to decrease the energy level of the receiving part. The first way is to decrease the energy level before and the second is to decrease the energy level after the quantum entanglement is made. 

In the last one, the system pumps energy out from the receiving part of the particle pair when the quantum system starts to transmit the data. The problem is that the quantum system must control the vibrations and oscillations of those particles. And energy pumping can cause non-controlled vibrations. 

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/oxford-teleportation-quantum-computing-supercomputer-b2695851.html

https://www.sciencealert.com/teleportation-achieved-between-quantum-computers-in-a-world-first

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_network

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation

The universal simulation is closer than ever before.

The thing called smart glasses is not very popular. The reason for that is people cannot find any use for them. Those things are quite expensive. And the use of them is limited. Normal people cannot find use for those things that can send information from the internet to the person's eyes. When we walk on the streets we cannot use things like VR glasses. 

So that's why only the military is found the smart glasses but their problem is the use of electricity. And that means they can still be useful in the aircraft and helicopter and tank interfaces. But the first-person view, FPV drones are bringing that technology outside of the military world. And those drones are also used in the Ukraine war. Some gamers think that VR is too frightening for a gaming environment. 

Maybe, quite soon we have a new dimension called the cyber dimension. That cyber dimension is the virtual universe. Where we can walk and where we can operate as virtual characters. The virtual dimension can have two dimensions. And people can feel that simulation is the ultimate virtual reality. Those dimensions are things that can make this thing attractive and same way dangerous. 

1) The augmented reality. The user uses HUD glasses and earphones to make life easier. Augmented reality is the thing that tells the user about commercials warns about rushes and other kinds of things. 

Augmented reality can also be a situation in which robots send the data to the user who controls it remotely. That system can be installed with earphones and VR glasses. 

2) Virtual reality. There the person operates in the simulated world. That simulated world is like some game platform. Where, there are houses, cities, and forests. 

3) Synthetic reality. That simulation is nothing that people experience. Before. Its base is in the brain-computer interface, BCI. That thing is the most impressive and dangerous model of virtual reality. Because the system interacts directly with the brain-shell without the senses a person feels being in that thing. 

The problem is that brains will not make a difference between synthetic reality and the real world. In that situation, it is dangerous that a person will miss the labyrinth of internal cyberspaces. That can cause a situation in which a person even dies because of thirst and hunger. 

The Universal simulation and simulated universes are reality. The simulated universe can give data about the interactions in very large-scale systems. In the universe, everything interacts. And in the universe, everything is bound to natural laws. However, the super simulations involve complicated algorithms. Those complicated algorithms are things that should mimic natural processes. And they require highly advanced, powerful computer technology. 

That kind of networked quantum computer system makes all types of spaces from the atomic scale to the universe scale possible to model in the entirety called: cyberspace. 

Theoretically, we can make the BCI that is connected to the mobile telephone. And that can make us jump into cyberspace any time. When we want. Things, like ethical and legislative reasons deny us to make that thing. But those things are weak stoppers. And you can imagine what happens when that happens in the middle of the road. 

Cyberspace is like a gaming platform where people can move avatars or move as virtual characters. People can ask questions and the AI that drives simulation answers. That thing forms the new model for the R&D work and it interconnects people in the virtual universe. And that is the place where people are not connected to natural laws. 

Quantum computers are bringing new calculation methods to reality. That thing makes so-called cyberspace or collective AI-controlled simulation possible. That cyberspace or cyber dimension will give a new experience for internet users. And that experience is not full of good things. Nothing is purely good or bad. That is the thing that we must realize. The user makes decisions about how many hours spends on the net. The user makes a decision, about where to use the net. 

The programmed cells are multipurpose tools.

"A new Yale study reveals how a class of genetic switches altered genes shared by humans and chimpanzees, and identified more genes that were targeted in the process. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Yale Scientists Just Cracked the DNA Code That Built the Human Brain)

Prologue: Wolves of Chernobyl

In the Chernobyl nuclear radiation fall-out areas, live animals with higher resistance to radioactive exposure than normal animals. The reason for that is in the DNA enrichment. The radioactive exposure kills others than animals that can resist the exposure. The question is, what is the point that makes the resistance? 

In some models, the thing that makes the animal resistant to radioactive exposure is the immune system. The sensitive immune system can search for and destroy mutated cells more effectively and faster than in the animal's body, which lives outside the fall-out area. 

The biorobots can make it possible to create the ultimate treatment against radioactive exposure. Those systems require the fresh and non-damaged DNA. Nanotechnology can create that DNA from the digital image. 

The system must only create macrophage-style cells that can destroy damaged DNA. And take it out from the cells. And then replace that damaged DNA from the cell's nucleus. The biorobot must also remove damaged mitochondria and then inject new mitochondria into the cells. This kind of biorobot can produce mitochondria and inject them into cells. Another biorobot or engineered bacteria can remove damaged mitochondria from those cells. This technology brings immortality closer than ever before. 

"Scientists have reprogrammed immune cells to selectively defend the body, preventing attacks on healthy tissue while still allowing natural defenses. This breakthrough could replace broad immunosuppression, offering safer treatments for autoimmune diseases, transplants, and even cancer therapy. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Reprogram Immune Cells to Stop Autoimmune Attacks)

Reprogrammed cells stopped the autoimmune attack. 

Researchers crack the DNA code of human brains and reprogram immune cells to stop autoimmune attacks. Those two things would be interesting and revolutionary alone. But, the ability to program cells makes it possible to adjust the growth of the human brain. That means that in the future, researchers can adjust how the persons focus their intelligence. That allows the creation of people with certain highlighted abilities, like mathematical, geometrical, or linguistic gifts. 

The ability to program immune cells can make them stop autoimmune diseases. But those cells can also used to remove things like cancer cells or unwanted tissues. The programmed immune cells can also clean tissues in cases of injuries or remove chemical exposure. In the case of radioactive exposure, the programmed immune cells can search and destroy damaged and dying cells.  And in the most interesting visions, the ability to adjust and program immune cells can be used to clean blood vessels and remove plaque from the human brain. 

But, the ability to program neurons is a thing that can be used to create systems that can be more than computers. Biohybrid microchips are microchips that have two layers. Living neurons interact with microchips. And that makes them more intelligent than regular microchips. The ability to program neurons makes it possible to create new methods to fix large-scale neural damage.  The ability to program cloned neurons is the thing that gives new hope to people who are injured. 

https://www.businessinsider.com/chernobyl-wolves-resistant-to-cancer-despite-high-radiation-exposure-2024-2

https://scitechdaily.com/yale-scientists-just-cracked-the-dna-code-that-built-the-human-brain/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-reprogram-immune-cells-to-stop-autoimmune-attacks/

New laser-propelled spacecraft can revolutionize space travel.

"By harnessing laser-driven propulsion, scientists aim to send spacecraft to distant star systems faster than ever before. New advancements in materials and measurement techniques are bringing this once-fantastical concept closer to reality. Credit: Breakthrough Starshot" (ScitechDaily, From Sci-Fi to Reality: Laser-Powered Sails Are Changing the Future of Space Travel)

Solar sails that use laser beams to accelerate their speed are the new tools for space technology. The regular solar sails use solar particles to accelerate their speed to high enough that they can travel to the Kuiper Belt and beyond. The solar sail can take extra energy from laser beams that are shot from ground or orbital laser systems. In some ideas, lasers that accelerate spacecraft can be in stable positions in the solar system.

There, they shoot laser beams at spacecraft when they travel past them. Those lasers can use solar power. But in longer distances, they can use nuclear power in so-called YAG technology, where acetylene light there, acetylene burns in pure oxygen and gives light to the laser elements like flash tubes. That means the high-power lasers don't need nuclear reactors. 

That is one variant of the Medusa drive. The solar sail that the nuclear bombs accelerate. In some variants, the nuclear bombs will be sent to certain points in the solar system. When sail travels past them, those hydrogen bombs will detonate. 

The laser system can also connected to the spacecraft itself. The high-power wireless electricity transportation can solve the power-source problem. 

Then, the solar sail is put to the front of the craft. A laser system can push that craft ahead by sending the laser beams to the sail. The laser gives a very weak thrust if it is aimed backward. But if the laser shoots forward to the sail, that is ahead of the craft. That kind of system can be a new tool for space research. 

The solar sail can also operate as a radar system in that kind of spacecraft. The lasers are connected with solar-sail technology, which makes them quite fast. And they can travel to the Kuiper Belt. Maybe some of those systems find the planet X. 

The searchers can use things. Like ultra-accurate atom clocks to measure the changes in time dilation. Those systems can uncover the gravity effect. But those systems must get to the Kuiper Belt. 

In some models, the land-based laser systems can also raise solar sail out from the atmosphere. The idea is that the solar sail can be connected to the parachute-shaped wing. And the laser systems can push those things out of the atmosphere. This technology is not new. In some models, the parachute or the hot air balloon hangs the spacecraft. In some versions, the laser can create the plasma in the asbestos bag that makes the system look like a hot air balloon. The laser system can be in the rocket. 

The problem is that those systems must be very big. They must share the heat energy to a large area so that the laser will not burn a hole in the system. Another way is to use some liquid gas that keeps the temperature low in the balloon or parachute. That lasers push upwards. 

The hot-air balloon or even hydrogen balloon can raise the spacecraft like a small shuttle over the atmosphere. The hot-air balloon can fly out from the atmosphere if the system has an internal oxygenizer. That means the system can operate like a rocket engine that operates oppositely than normally. The system can basically be the acetylene-oxygen welding system that pushes the asbestos balloon upwards. The hot exhaust gas can push the balloon forward. 

The hydrogen balloon can use mylar, and it's like an Echo satellite, which was also a balloon. The pressure decompression ventilation can remove pressure, and that makes the balloon useful. 

The test with laser-powered spacecraft or laser-powered spacecraft models began before 2010. In those systems, lasers make a plasma that raises the craft to high altitudes. In some versions, the lasers are put in the spacecraft, and they are aimed at the carbon fiber stick that makes plasma in the chamber. The system can offer very cheap and silent propulsion to spacecraft. 

https://scitechdaily.com/from-sci-fi-to-reality-laser-powered-sails-are-changing-the-future-of-space-travel/

The sense-and-response circuits make cells biorobots.

"Schematic model depicting single molecule DNA translocating through a nanoprecipitated nanopore. Credit: Makusu Tsutsui, edited." (ScitechDaily, Electrically Controlled Nanogate Revolutionizes Molecular Movement)

The new tools like electrically controlled nanogates make it possible to manipulate the DNA more versatile than ever before. The biorobot is the cell that involves the DNA that is made by using multiple cells. DNA is like a chemical version of the computer's program code. Things like reindeer antlers involve genomes that make them the fastest-growing bones in the world. Those genomes make the human skeleton faster repair. 

Genetic engineering makes it possible to create new types of artificial cells. Those cells can act as biorobots. Biorobot is a genetically engineered cell that can have more complicated missions than regular or natural cells. The biorobot can search and destroy unwanted cells, viruses, and chemicals. It can create descendant cells that can fix tissue damage. 

Or it can change DNA in the mutated cells. The cloned macrophage developers move the gene that makes it recognize and destroy some organisms where the human has no immune resistance. Those macrophages can boost the immune system. 

They can close viruses in slime that denies them, to transport the DNA into those cells. And then. They can have the program transformation that turns them into cells that transport things like viruses out from the body. 

That can remove non-wanted organisms and chemicals from the body and environment. Those artificial immune cells are based on the sense-and-response circuits. Those sense-and-response circuits are things like molecules or sensors that activate certain reactions. 

"Rice University bioengineers have developed a groundbreaking construction kit for building customizable sense-and-respond circuits in human cells, enabling them to detect disease signals and trigger precise therapeutic responses. This breakthrough in synthetic biology could revolutionize treatments for complex conditions like cancer and autoimmune diseases by creating “smart cells” that react in real time." (ScitechDaily, Bioengineers Create “Smart Cells” That Detect and Fight Disease in Real-Time)

The sense-and-response circuits are things that react activator. When a certain activator activates the sense-and-response circuit, the circuit activates certain processes that can destroy targeted cells. 

But another thing is that. The sense-and-response can activate other processes. One of them is that the artificial amoeba cell can close the dangerous chemicals in the slime and then carry those chemicals out from the environment. The biorobot can search for things like jammed neurons and destroy the neurotransmitters that the enzyme that actions the nerve gas jams. 

The artificial macrophage can simply collect those jammed neurotransmitters. And remove the organophosphate from the body. 

In simpler versions, those cells can start to form atropine. In nerve gas exposures, those artificial cells can detect exposure and start to create atropine. That denies the nerve agent's effect on victims. 

The biorobot, or biorobotic amoeba, can isolate those chemicals and then the operator can call it using nutrients. The idea is that the system releases amoeba from its nutrient base. And then amoeba travels to chemicals, pulling them inside it. Then it returns the home and then it can removed by destroying its nutrient platform. 

The amoeba must only be bipolar. The other searches for the wanted chemicals and viruses. Then it travels back to the home. When a biorobot must remove some kind of cytostatics it's in problem. That kind of thing can destroy biorobots. So the idea is that the biorobot closes those chemicals inside them. And then. It carries them out from the environment or body. 

Same way. When it must remove viruses, it must deny their ability to transmit their DNA into the biorobot. The biorobot is the tool, that can make many things. It can create descendant cells that can be far different than it is. That makes the biorobot able to create tissues that can fix large-scale damages in the human body. Genetic engineering makes it possible to create new hybrid organisms. The genes from things like reindeer antlers can make human bones grow and fix themselves faster. 

https://scitechdaily.com/bioengineers-create-smart-cells-that-detect-and-fight-disease-in-real-time/

https://scitechdaily.com/electrically-controlled-nanogate-revolutionizes-molecular-movement/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine

The new ultra-precise LiDAR systems can be game-changers.

"Researchers have designed a single-photon time-of-flight LiDAR system that can produce high-resolution 3D images of objects and faces that are some distance away. The top images show 3D-printed pillars imaged from 45 meters away in broad daylight. The lower images depict a recognizable human face from a person 325 meters away. Credit: Aongus McCarthy, Heriot-Watt University" (ScitechDaily, Ultra-Precise LiDAR Sees Through Smoke and Camouflage From a Kilometer Away)

The new ultra-precise LiDAR technology scans objects through dust, smoke, and camouflage. The LiDAR or "laser radar" is the next-generation tool that can make traditional stealth technology useless. The light or coherent light reflects from most surfaces. 

The answer against that technology is the network-based structure that can deny the reflection. The absorbing materials are vulnerable to directed energy weapons. The absorbing material ties energy into itself. And it turns very hot if it cannot dump energy somewhere. Any object cannot store unlimited energy levels. 

If the energy level rises too high, the material melts. The entropy causes a situation in which the material turns soft and finally, it will be destroyed. If the material can dump energy out from it that decreases entropy in the system. But the system needs to put energy somewhere. 

The optical scanner systems that are based on radar technology there the radio waves are replaced by optical wavelengths or coherent optical wavelengths that are immune against things like "chameleon camouflage".

"The researchers also used the new imaging system to image LEGO characters from 32 m away. Credit: Aongus McCarthy, Heriot-Watt University" (ScitechDaily, Ultra-Precise LiDAR Sees Through Smoke and Camouflage From a Kilometer Away

The LiDAR technology is one of the fastest-advancing technologies in the world. The distances of 350 meters and 1000 meters are not the same as radar systems. However, developers can connect many other systems like visual CCD cameras, IR systems, and other things. And the LiDAR systems advancing. 

This kind of system can scan also software objects like humans that are been difficult objects for traditional radars. The LiDAR system makes the 3D image of the target, and if that system is connected with the CCD cameras that technology makes it possible to create an ultra-realistic hologram of the target. The system can also make realistic 3D images of the person or any surface. 

The LiDAR system can also be used to transmit information through the air. The scanning LiDAR can detect the right receivers and then send data to the sensor. LiDAR can detect objects using an indirect way. The system can detect how molecules move around the objects. Or the system can use frequencies that don't resonate hydrogen or oxygen. 

When we think about LiDAR technology the scanning system can use low-power lasers that don't harm objects, when they are in a surveillance mode. But if the system detects hostile targets that laser system can increase its power. And then it can cut the wing off from the aircraft. 

https://scitechdaily.com/ultra-precise-lidar-sees-through-smoke-and-camouflage-from-a-kilometer-away/ 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar