The new components can boost the AI.

"A new discovery in atomic-scale magnetism may hold the key to the future of high-speed, compact, and energy-efficient technology. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com (ScitechDaily, Researchers Solve Long-Standing Magnetic Problem With Atom-Thin Semiconductor)

When researchers make new applications like autonomous robots, those systems require new types of advanced microprocessors. Things like advanced algorithms require effective microchips. And effective microchips allow developers to develop new and more complicated programs and algorithms. When developers create new systems, they often encounter a new need that they need to solve. Even if developers use effective and compact programming languages, the code grows and becomes complicated. 

And complicated code requires new processors that can drive it without problems. The problem is that in small-sized systems, smaller processors. And smaller processors require new types of architecture. In larger systems, it is possible to put more small processors in the same space. And that gives new abilities for multitask systems. The number of processors determines how many operations the computer or data center can perform in the same time. And that is the key element in the large language models and self-developing AIs. 

"A schematic representation of magnets composed of CrPS4 included in a motherboard circuit for future electronic devices. Credit: Elton Santos" (ScitechDaily, Researchers Solve Long-Standing Magnetic Problem With Atom-Thin Semiconductor)

The main problem with AI is the need for power. Powerful microchips require lots of electricity. And that electricity brings temperature problems. The temperature problem means that the resistance in the system rises when the temperature rises. Sooner or later, that starts the accelerating process that destroys the system by cutting wires. The result is a cooling system that requires lots of energy. The AI can use nuclear reactors, solar panels, or geothermal energy. The system should produce its energy. Miniature nuclear reactors or geothermal energy are the most stable versions. 

There are attempts to remove the oscillation by putting those wires in the water tubes and raising the pressure in the system. Rising pressure decreases oscillation, which causes resistance. And theoretically, it is possible to create room-temperature superconductors using high-pressure systems. The main problem is what if the pressure system faces damage? Leaks in the high-pressure system are dangerous for people and systems in the same space. 

"Artist’s illustration of the new tunable ring laser. Credit: Joshua Mornhinweg" . "The ring design has potential applications in telecommunications, medicine, and other fields." (ScitechDaily, Harvard Scientists Unveil Tiny Ring Laser With Giant Potential) A ring laser can be used as a photonic box wrench. That can adjust photons' and atoms' energy levels. 

The other way to solve the temperature problems is simply. Create photonic processors where photons replace electricity as data transporters. Laser rays can transmit data between microchips, and in that model, the microchip itself is traditional. And the wires that connect microprocessors in one entirety are replaced by laser rays. The laser rays transmit data to the processor through the photovoltaic cells. Or certain wavelengths or colors in laser rays, like green and red, can mean zero and one. 

"Schematic of tailoring the resonant reflection via radiation directionality in misaligned metagratings. The novel bilayer metagratings selects only a single angle and a single wavelength under incidence with broadband spectrum and wide angles. This is achieved through a “directional eraser”, that precisely suppresses light’s spectral signature along a dispersion curve. Credit: Ze-Peng Zhuang, Xin Zhou et al." (ScitechDaily, One Tiny Structure Just Broke a Fundamental Rule of Optics)

Fully photonic processors require new ways to control light and optics. The new materials allow the closure of the route of light. And then open that route. When light travels through a material, it gives value one for a microchip. And when material blocks light, the value is zero. 

In quantum systems, each color can mean each quantum state. There is also the possibility of sending laser rays through the nanotube that is used for electric transmission. That laser ray acts like a thermal pump. The fully photonic system, where all data travels in photonic form, can also have the ability to use the ion flow as a cooler. The ion system can transport ions through components. But the problem is that those systems disturb the electricity in the microchip. 

The 2D materials allow the system to transport heat out of the system. That makes it possible to create smaller and more effective processors. Those systems, like tiny ring lasers, can transport data to those 2D structures. The 2D network can have the silicone base photovoltaic points where the laser systems transport information. 

The idea is that those photovoltaic cells transform photonic information into electrical impulses. And that can make the system more effective. There is a possibility to use laser light as a thermal pump. An extremely thin laser ray travels between those layers and transports thermal energy out from the processor. 

https://scitechdaily.com/harvard-scientists-unveil-tiny-ring-laser-with-giant-potential/

https://scitechdaily.com/one-tiny-structure-just-broke-a-fundamental-rule-of-optics/

https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-solve-long-standing-magnetic-problem-with-atom-thin-semiconductor/