The new medicine activates the death receptor (DR5) on the cancer cells.

"Scientists engineered tiny vesicles to target cancer cells via DR5, showing strong tumor-killing effects in lab and animal studies. This therapy may offer an easily manufactured, off-the-shelf option for solid tumor treatment." (ScitechDaily, 20 Years in the Making: Scientists Unveil Breakthrough Anticancer Weapon)

The new medical treatment or medicine is based on capsules. That is made of human cell proteins. The idea is that when the dead cell is brought near or in the cell group that thing can cause gangrene. Dead cells can kill other cells. The problem is how to inject those particles into the cancer cells. Those cell particles activate the receptor that researchers call a "self-destruction receptor". 

"A new twist on a decades-old anticancer strategy has demonstrated significant potential against various cancer types in a preclinical study conducted by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The innovative method employs small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)—tiny capsules engineered from human cells—offering a promising new avenue for immunotherapy. This approach is now advancing toward further development and testing." (ScitechDaily, 20 Years in the Making: Scientists Unveil Breakthrough Anticancer Weapon)

The researchers noticed that protein activates the DR5 (death receptor 5) on the surface of cancer cells. Similar proteins activate similar receptors in the other cells. That thing makes gangrene so dangerous. There is the possibility that the nanocapsules that are made of the separated tumor cells and then injected back into the tumor will activate the DR5 receptor. The dead cell protein normally activates the DR5 receptors, but the strings that the cancer cell grows deny that the dead cells cannot touch those DR5 receptor proteins. 

The death receptor activator is effective against many cancer types. That is the new path for immune therapy. There is also planned to use the DNA that nanoparticles transport to destroy cancer cells. The nanoparticle transports artificial DNA that orders cells to die into cancer cells. However, the problem is that the researchers must get those DNA bites to the right cells. 

Researchers used 20 years to make the perfect medicine against cancer. This new medicine is the nanoparticle that transports the death code to the cancer cells. Theoretically, this kind of thing is very easy to make. The end of the DNA involves the genetic code that kills cancer cells. That means those DNA bites simply order those cells to die. 

But the practical problems are big. The nanoparticles must go to the right cells or they can cause devastating effects. If the "killer DNA" goes into the healthy tissues, that can cause gangrene. Researchers must make a nanoparticle that holds nutrients that only cancer cells use. And if they find that nutrient this technology is a holy grail for medical factories. 

https://scitechdaily.com/20-years-in-the-making-scientists-unveil-breakthrough-anticancer-weapon/